Data Quality

The digital acceleration of the mortgage and rental industries has transformed how we verify income and employment—but it has also elevated the risks. As fraud grows in sophistication, lenders and verification providers alike must re-examine how they source, validate, and secure consumer data.  In this new landscape, real-time trust requires real-time data. That’s why Experian Verify (EV) has embraced a transactional, on-demand approach—often referred to as the “Go Fetch” model—which we believe is fundamental to building a safer, more resilient verification infrastructure.   Why Legacy Models Leave Gaps  Many verification providers still rely on a “data-at-rest” model, where employment or income data is stored indefinitely in static databases. This approach creates a prime target for attackers and increases the risk of data becoming outdated, incomplete, or even manipulated by bad actors. Reducing the number of places where employment data is stored significantly strengthens security.  Traditional models that maintain large databases can also introduce confirmation bias. They often send both the individual’s personally identifiable information (PII) and employer name to data partners, which can open the door to synthetic identities or fraudulent employer match backs. In fact, synthetic ID fraud accounted for 27% of business fraud cases in 2023, and by 2024, more than 70% of U.S. businesses identified deepfakes and AI-generated fraud as top threats. (https://www.experianplc.com/newsroom/press-releases/2024/new-experian-report-reveals-generative-ai--deepfakes-and-cybercr)  Some legacy verification providers still transmit both PII and employer details when requesting information. At Experian, we take a different approach: we search based on the consumer rather than the employer, and we pin—that is, cross‑check—the submitted consumer data against Experian credit file information to verify authenticity from the start.  Experian Employer Services maintains a secure copy of payroll data provided by our clients and updates it regularly. We have live, ongoing connections with employers and refresh data every two weeks directly from the source when payroll information is received. We never use stale data; every search pulls fresh, verified information.   The “Go Fetch” Model: Built for a Modern Threat Environment  In contrast, Experian Verify uses a real-time “Go Fetch” model, requesting data directly from the sources of truth at the time of the inquiry. No stale databases. No guessing games. This method reduces the window for fraud and ensures accuracy by design.   For each Experian Verify transaction, the following ‘Go Fetch’ approach and controls are applied:  Employment and income data are sourced in real-time with APIs from employers via Experian Employer Services (EES) and vetted payroll partners.  The PII data from the inquiry and the PII data returned from each data provider each undergo a pinning process, which cross-references the multiple PII data elements with Experian credit data to validate the identity of the individual and confirm the correct individual's data is being returned by each data provider, for each employment record returned.  Any income/employment data for which the second pin (based on data from the data provider) does not match the original first pin (from the inquiry) is disregarded to mitigate any risk of fat fingers/human error resulting in an incorrect consumer’s data on a VOIE report.  This multi-stage pinning process is more robust than a hard match on SSN and results in fewer errors. This not only minimizes the risk of bad data—it blocks it before it enters the pipeline.  More Than Technology: Trust Through Governance  Trustworthy data isn’t just about speed—it’s about the quality and integrity of the source. Experian Verify only partners with enterprise payroll providers and employers who pass rigorous onboarding and credentialing requirements to connect to Experian systems. This ensures we’re sourcing data from legitimate entities, helping prevent “fake employer” vectors used in synthetic employment schemes.  On top of this, data reasonability checks are run on every response, flagging anomalies like:  End dates before start dates  Net income exceeding gross income  Illogical or invalid birthdates  Any inconsistencies prompt an internal investigation, and where necessary, Experian Verify works directly with the data provider to resolve discrepancies—further reducing the propagation of fraudulent data.  Further, minimum field checks are performed on every response, which ensures the minimum data necessary is returned before delivering to the client. This helps provide an additional safeguard on the data received from Data Providers, providing reasonable assurance that the data delivered to clients can be used in their decisioning flow.    Industry Recommendation: A Call for Real-Time Integrity  As more lending moves online and fraudsters grow more creative, the verification industry must evolve. Experian advocates for a new standard, built on these principles:  Fetch data in real-time from sources of truth—don’t store it at rest.  Avoid employer name matching, which can inadvertently validate fake entities.  Validate PII match using multiple data elements instead of any hard match logic.  Automated reasonability & minimum field checks, monitored and investigated by human oversight for flagged issues.   Final Thought: Secure Growth Requires Secure Data  In an era where risk moves fast, stale data is a liability. Real-time models like Experian Verify’s “Go Fetch” approach do more than deliver speed—they help lenders make decisions with greater confidence, mitigate exposure to fraud, and ultimately, protect both borrowers and the institutions that serve them.  If trust is the foundation of lending, then real-time integrity must be the framework we build it on.   

Manual employment and income verification remain a persistent challenge in today’s digital-first financial ecosystem. Despite advances in technology, many organizations still rely on processes that are slow, fragmented, and vulnerable to fraud. These inefficiencies not only strain operational resources but also create friction for consumers seeking timely financial decisions.  Why Manual Income and Employment Verification Falls Short  Traditional income and employment verification methods often involve back-and-forth communication with employer HR departments, unclear documentation requirements, and delays that can stretch from hours to days. Beyond inconvenience, these processes introduce risks such as:  Inaccurate or incomplete data  Exposure to fraud through forged documents  Coverage gaps for gig workers and the self-employed  Operational inefficiency that diverts attention from higher-value tasks  As the workforce evolves—particularly with the rise of the gig economy—these shortcomings become even more pronounced.  Emerging Solutions: From Consumer Permission Data (CPD) to AI  The industry is responding with innovations that prioritize speed, security, and inclusivity:  Consumer-Permissioned Data (CPD): This approach allows individuals to securely share payroll data directly from their provider, reducing manual follow-ups and improving trust through consent-driven access.  Secure Document Upload: For workers without digital payroll systems, document upload offers a practical alternative. Pay stubs, W-2s, and 1099s can be submitted through secure portals, enabling verification for freelancers and small business owners.  AI-Enhanced Verification: Artificial intelligence adds a critical layer of protection and efficiency. Automated scanning detects anomalies, while fraud indicators such as tampered entries are flagged in real time—accelerating review and strengthening accuracy.  Why This Matters  The gig economy is projected to reach $2.145 trillion by 2033, underscoring the need for verification models that accommodate diverse income streams. By integrating CPD, document upload, and AI document verification, organizations can move beyond the limitations of manual employment verification toward systems that are:  Faster and more scalable  Resilient against fraud  Inclusive of non-traditional employment types  Looking Ahead  Manual income and employment verification may still have a role for businesses using niche payroll platforms, but the trajectory is clear: the future of employment and income verification is intelligent, consumer-driven, and built to scale. For lenders and verification providers, embracing these tools isn’t just about efficiency—it’s about setting a new standard for transparency and trust.   

In today’s evolving labor market, the employment screening landscape is undergoing a significant transformation. The traditional methods of verifying income and employment are being reimagined to keep pace with economic shifts, digital expectations, and the growing complexity of workforce dynamics. As organizations contend with an influx of applications, resume discrepancies, and evolving workforce structures, the demand for accurate, secure, and efficient verifications has never been more pressing.  A Workforce in Transition  The current employment environment is marked by a distinct shift toward lower-wage industries, which now account for nearly 88% of job growth in 2024. White-collar job creation, in contrast, has declined. Industries such as retail, staffing, food services, education, and healthcare are driving employment gains, while sectors like technology and professional services experience stagnation or contraction. (Experian, 2024)  Geographically, unemployment remains concentrated in regions impacted by remote work trends and industry-specific slowdowns. These changes in job distribution and employment types underscore the need for more adaptive and inclusive verification processes that can accommodate a broader spectrum of worker experiences—from traditional W-2 employees to gig economy participants.  The Verification Bottleneck  At the core of employment screening lies a critical step: verification. While often overlooked, verification has a profound impact on hiring outcomes, onboarding timelines, and organizational risk. The risks of poor verification—from hiring the wrong candidate to facing compliance pitfalls—are high. Resume inconsistencies are increasingly common, making robust verification processes essential to mitigate liability and protect organizational integrity.  Recruiters are also grappling with scale. Many employers report receiving thousands of applications, often from automated tools, creating noise and reducing the signal necessary to identify truly qualified candidates. In high-volume hiring environments, the absence of efficient screening tools can quickly lead to operational inefficiencies and hiring errors.  Modernizing Research Verifications  The industry is at an inflection point. Legacy methods of verification—manual phone calls, faxed documents, and mailed records—are no longer viable at scale. As a result, the sector has shifted toward instant digital verifications sourced directly from employers and payroll providers. These methods, supplemented by consumer-permissioned workflows, offer a scalable and more accurate alternative.  However, not all employees can be verified through instant or consumer-permissioned methods, especially those in small businesses or with multiple jobs. This is where research verifications, long considered a fallback option, are being reengineered.  Today, a digital-first approach is transforming research verifications into a strategic asset. This evolution includes multi-channel support: call centers for live interactions, online smart forms for asynchronous data entry, and conversational AI that guides users through the process intuitively. Such flexibility ensures that verifications are accessible, efficient, and reflective of how people communicate in the digital age.  Consumer Engagement as a Verification Tool  A key innovation in the verification space is the rise of consumer-permissioned access. These workflows empower individuals to authorize access to their payroll or earnings data directly—often through secure, embedded interfaces or mobile prompts. This not only broadens the verification net to include gig workers and contractors but also strengthens data integrity by retrieving information from the source.  Interestingly, many hourly and gig workers are already familiar with this kind of access, given their reliance on apps for earnings and scheduling. As comfort with these tools grows, so too does the potential for consumer-permissioned verifications to become a mainstream standard.  Nevertheless, it's important to acknowledge that not every candidate is willing or able to engage with digital verification methods. That’s why the ongoing development of research verifications remains critical. Ensuring that all candidates—regardless of role, industry, or digital fluency—can be verified effectively is essential to creating an equitable hiring process.  Toward a Holistic Verification Ecosystem  Looking ahead, the employment screening industry is poised to adopt a more comprehensive approach. Income and employment verifications are no longer standalone processes—they are part of a broader ecosystem that includes identity verification, fraud prevention, and compliance validation. Integrating these components through automation and modern digital infrastructure enhances both security and decision-making.  Organizations now play dual roles in this ecosystem: as both verifiers (providing information about current and former employees) and consumers (seeking data for new hires). This dual perspective fosters greater alignment around the need for transparency, efficiency, and data integrity.  The vision for the future is clear. Verification processes must be fast, flexible, and fair—capable of handling the complexity of today’s labor market without compromising on accuracy or candidate experience. By reimagining research verifications through the lens of innovation and inclusivity, the industry is not only solving present-day problems but also laying the groundwork for a more agile and resilient workforce infrastructure.   Explore the Future of Employment Screening  Want to dive deeper into the trends and innovations shaping modern employment verification? Watch the full webinar, Reimagining Research Verifications for Employment Screening, featuring industry experts from Experian. 👉 Watch the webinar now  Troy Huff, Director of Product Management, Experian Employer Services, Reimagining Research Verifications for Employment Screening webinar, 2024. According to Hoff, in 2024, nearly 88% of new job growth occurred in lower-wage industries, highlighting a significant shift in workforce composition post-COVID.         

This series will dive into our monthly State of the Economy report, providing a snapshot of the top monthly economic and credit data for those in financial services to proactively shape their business strategies. As we near the end of the first quarter, the U.S. economy has maintained its solid standing. We're also starting to see some easing in a few areas. This month saw a slight uptick in unemployment, slowed spending growth, and a slight increase in annual headline inflation. At the same time, job creation was robust, incomes continued to grow, and annual core inflation cooled. In light of the mixed economic landscape, this month’s upcoming Federal Reserve meeting and their refreshed Summary of Economic Projections should shine some light on what’s in store in the coming months. Data highlights from this month’s report include: Annual headline inflation increased from 3.1% to 3.2%, while annual core inflation cooled from 3.9% to 3.8%. Job creation remained solid, with 275,000 jobs added this month. Unemployment increased to 3.9% from 3.7% three months prior. Mortgage delinquencies rose for accounts (2.3%) and balances (1.8%) in February, contributing to overall delinquencies across product types. Check out our report for a deep dive into the rest of March’s data, including consumer spending, the housing market, and originations. To have a holistic view of our current environment, we must understand our economic past, present, and future. Check out our annual chartbook for a comprehensive view of the past year and download our latest forecasting report for a look at the year ahead. Download March's State of the Economy report  Download latest forecast For more economic trends and market insights, visit Experian Edge.

Advances in analytics and modeling are making credit risk decisioning more efficient and precise. And while businesses may face challenges in developing and deploying new credit risk models, machine learning (ML) — a type of artificial intelligence (AI) — is paving the way for shorter design cycles and greater performance lifts. LEARN MORE: Get personalized recommendations on optimizing your decisioning strategy Limitations of traditional lending models Traditional lending models have worked well for years, and many financial institutions continue to rely on legacy models and develop new challenger models the old-fashioned way. This approach has benefits, including the ability to rely on existing internal expertise and the explainability of the models. However, there are limitations as well. Slow reaction times:  Building and deploying a traditional credit risk model can take many months. That might be okay during relatively stable economic conditions, but these models may start to underperform if there's a sudden shift in consumer behavior or a world event that impacts people's finances. Fewer data sources:  Traditional scoring models may be able to analyze some types of FCRA-regulated data (also called alternative credit data*), such as utility or rent payments, that appear in credit reports. AI credit scoring models could go a step further by incorporating data from additional sources, such as internal data, even if they're designed in a traditional way. They can analyze vast amounts of information and uncover data points that are more highly predictive of risk. Less effective performance:  Experian has found that applying machine learning models can increase accuracy and effectiveness, allowing lenders to make better decisions. When applied to credit decisioning, lenders see a Gini uplift of 60 to 70 percent compared to a traditional credit risk model.1 Leveraging machine learning-driven models to segment your universe From initial segmentation to sending right-sized offers, detecting fraud and managing collection efforts, organizations are already using machine learning throughout the customer life cycle. In fact, 79% are prioritizing the adoption of advanced analytics with AI and ML capabilities, while 65% believe that AI and ML provide their organization with a competitive advantage.2 While machine learning approaches to modeling aren't new, advances in computer science and computing power are unlocking new possibilities. Machine learning models can now quickly incorporate your internal data, alternative data, credit bureau data, credit attributes and other scores to give you a more accurate view of a consumer's creditworthiness. By more precisely scoring applicants, you can shrink the population in the middle of your score range, the segment of medium-risk applicants that are difficult to evaluate. You can then lower your high-end cutoff and raise your low-end cutoff, which may allow you to more confidently swap in  good accounts (the applicants you turned down with other models that would have been good) and swap out bad accounts (those you would have approved who turned bad). Machine learning models may also be able to use additional types of data to score applicants who don't qualify for a score  from traditional models. These applicants aren't necessarily riskier — there simply hasn't been a good way to understand the risk they present. Once you can make an accurate assessment, you can increase your lending universe by including this segment of previously "unscorable" consumers, which can drive revenue growth without additional risk. At the same time, you're helping expand financial inclusion to segments of the population that may otherwise struggle to access credit. READ MORE: Is Financial Inclusion Fueling Business Growth for Lenders? Connecting the model to a decision Even a machine learning model doesn't make decisions. The model estimates the creditworthiness of an applicant so lenders can make better-informed decisions. AI-driven credit decisioning software can take your parameters (such cutoff points) and the model's outputs to automatically approve or deny more applicants. Models that can more accurately segment and score populations will result in fewer applications going to manual review, which can save you money and improve your customers' experiences. CASE STUDY:  Atlas Credit, a small-dollar lender, nearly doubled its loan approval rates while decreasing risk losses by up to 20 percent using a machine learning-powered model and increased automation. Concerns around explainability One of the primary concerns lenders have about machine learning models come from so-called “black box" models. Although these models may offer large lifts, you can't verify how they work internally. As a result, lenders can't explain why decisions are made to regulators or consumers — effectively making them unusable. While it's a valid concern, there are machine learning models that don't use a black box approach. The machine learning model doesn't build itself and it's not really “learning" on its own — that's where the black box would come in. Instead, developers can use machine learning techniques to create more efficient models that are explainable, don't have a disparate impact on protected classes and can generate reason codes that help consumers understand the outcomes. LEARN MORE: Explainability: Machine learning and artificial intelligence in credit decisioning Building and using machine learning models Organizations may lack the expertise and IT infrastructure required to develop or deploy machine learning models. But similar to how digital transformations in other parts of the business are leading companies to use outside cloud-based solutions, there are options that don't require in-house data scientists and developers. Experian's expert-guided options can help you create, test and use machine learning models and AI-driven automated decisioning; Ascend Intelligence Services™ Pulse:  Monitor, validate and challenge your existing models to ensure you're not missing out on potential improvements. The service includes a model health index and alerts, performance summary, automatic validations and stress-testing results. It can also automatically build challenger models and share the estimated lift and financial benefit of deployment. Experian Decisioning:  Cloud-based decision engine software that you can use to make automated decisions that are tailored to your goals and needs. A machine learning approach to credit risk and AI-driven decisioning can help improve outcomes for borrowers and increase financial inclusion while reducing your overall costs. With a trusted and experienced partner, you'll also be able to back up your decisions with customizable and regulatorily-compliant reports. Learn more about our credit decisioning solutions. Learn more When we refer to "Alternative Credit Data," this refers to the use of alternative data and its appropriate use in consumer credit lending decisions as regulated by the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). Hence, the term "Expanded FCRA Data" may also apply in this instance and both can be used interchangeably.

This series will dive into our monthly State of the Economy report, providing a snapshot of the top monthly economic and credit data for those in financial services to proactively shape their business strategies. In February, economic growth and job creation outperformed economists’ expectations, likely giving confirmation to the Federal Reserve that it remains too early to begin cutting rates. Data highlights from this month’s report include: U.S. real GDP rose 3.3% in Q4 2023, driven by consumer spending and bringing the average annual 2023 growth to 2.5%, the same as the five-year average growth prior to the pandemic. The labor market maintained its strength, with 353,000 jobs added this month and unemployment holding at 3.7% for the third month in a row. Consumer sentiment rose 13% in January, following a 14% increase in December, as consumers are feeling some relief from cooling inflation. Check out our report for a deep dive into the rest of February’s data, including inflation, the latest Federal Reserve announcement, the housing market, and credit card balances. To have a holistic view of our current environment, we must understand our economic past, present, and future. Check out our annual chartbook for a comprehensive view of the past year and register for our upcoming Macroeconomic Forecasting webinar for a look at the year ahead. Download report Register for webinar For more economic trends and market insights, visit Experian Edge.

This article was updated on February 21, 2024. With the rise of technology and data analytics in the financial industry today, it's no longer enough for companies to rely solely on traditional marketing methods. Data-driven marketing insights provide a more sophisticated and comprehensive view of shifting customer preferences and behaviors. With this in mind, this blog post will highlight the importance of data-driven marketing insights, particularly for financial institutions. The importance of data-driven marketing insights 30% of companies say poor data quality is a key challenge to delivering excellent customer experiences. Today’s consumers want personalized experiences built around their individual needs and preferences. Data-driven marketing insights can help marketers meet this demand, but only if it is fresh and accurate. When extending firm credit offers to consumers, lenders must ensure they reach individuals who are both creditworthy and likely to respond. Additionally, their message must be relevant and delivered at the right time and place. Without comprehensive data insights, it can be difficult to gauge whether a consumer is in the market for credit or determine how to best approach them. READ: Case study: Deliver timely and personalized credit offers The benefits of data-driven marketing insights By drawing data-driven marketing insights, you can reach and engage the best customers for your business. This means: Better understanding current and potential customers To increase response and conversion rates, organizations must identify high-propensity consumers and create personalized messaging that resonates. By leveraging customer data that is valid, fresh, and regularly updated, you’ll gain deeper insights into who your customers are, what they’re looking for and how to effectively communicate with them. Additionally, you can analyze the performance of your campaigns and better predict future behaviors. Utilizing technology to manage your customer data With different sources of information, it’s imperative to consolidate and optimize your data to create a single customer view. Using a data-driven technology platform, you can break down data silos by collecting and connecting consumer information across multiple sources and platforms. This way, you can make data available and accessible when and where needed while providing consumers with a cohesive experience across channels and devices. Monitoring the accuracy of your data over time Data is constantly changing, so implementing processes to effectively monitor and control quality over time is crucial. This means leveraging data quality tools that perform regular data cleanses, spot incomplete or duplicated data, and address common data errors. By monitoring the accuracy of your data over time, you can make confident decisions and improve the customer experience. Turning insights into action With data-driven marketing insights, you can level up your campaigns to find the best customers while decreasing time and dollars wasted on unqualified prospects. Visit us to learn more about how data-driven insights can power your marketing initiatives. Learn more Enhance your marketing strategies today This article includes content created by an AI language model and is intended to provide general information.

This article was updated on February 12, 2024. The Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) space has grown massively over the last few years. But with rapid growth comes an increased risk of fraud, making "Buy Now, Pay Never" a crucial fraud threat to watch out for in 2024 and beyond. What is BNPL? BNPL, a type of short-term financing, has been around for decades in different forms. It's attractive to consumers because it offers the option to split up a specific purchase into installments rather than paying the full total upfront. The modern form of BNPL typically offers four installments, with the first payment at the time of purchase, as well as 0% APR and no hidden fees. According to an Experian survey, consumers cited managing spending (34%), convenience (31%), and avoiding interest payments (23%) as main reasons for choosing BNPL. Participating retailers generally offer BNPL at point-of-sale, making it easy for customers to opt-in and get instantly approved. The customer then makes a down payment and pays off the installments from their preferred account. BNPL is on the rise The fintech and online-payment-driven world is seeing a rise in the popularity of BNPL. According to Experian research, 3 in 4 consumers have used BNPL in 2023, with 11% using BNPL weekly to make purchases. The interest in BNPL also spans generations — 36% of Gen Z, 43% of Millennials, 32% of Gen X, and 12% of Baby Boomers have used this payment method. The risks of BNPL While BNPL is a convenient, easy way for consumers to plan for their purchases, experts warn that with lax checkout and identity verification processes it is a target for digital fraud. Experian predicts an uptick in three primary risks for BNPL providers and their customers: identity theft, first-party fraud, and synthetic identity fraud. WATCH: Fraud and Identity Challenges for Fintechs Victims of identity theft can be hit with charges from BNPL providers for products they have never purchased. First-party and synthetic identity risks will emerge as a shopper's buying power grows and the temptation to abandon repayment increases. Fraudsters may use their own or fabricated identities to make purchases with no intent to repay. This leaves the BNPL provider at the risk of unrecoverable monetary losses and can impact the business' risk tolerance, causing them to narrow their lending band and miss out on properly verified consumers. An additional risk lies with fraudsters who may leverage account takeover to gain access to a legitimate user's account and payment information to make unauthorized purchases. READ: Payment Fraud Detection and Prevention: What You Need to Know Mitigating BNPL risks Luckily, there are predictive credit, identity verification, and fraud prevention tools available to help businesses minimize the risks associated with BNPL. Paired with the right data, these tools can give businesses a comprehensive view of consumer payments, including the number of outstanding BNPL loans, total BNPL loan amounts, and BNPL payment status, as well as helping to detect and apply the relevant treatment to different types of fraud. By accurately identifying customers and assessing risk in real-time, businesses can make confident lending and fraud prevention decisions. To learn more about how Experian is enabling the protection of consumer credit scores, better risk assessments, and more inclusive lending, visit us or request a call. And keep an eye out for additional in-depth explorations of our Future of Fraud Forecast. Learn more Future of Fraud Forecast

This series will dive into our monthly State of the Economy report, providing a snapshot of the top monthly economic and credit data for those in financial services to proactively shape their business strategies.  As 2024 unfolds, the economy is beginning to shift from last year’s trends. Instead of focusing on rate hikes, we’re looking at the potential for rate cuts. Our labor market is beginning to ease, and inflation is moving closer to the Federal Reserve’s 2% mark. Each month’s data gives us a clearer picture of our economic trajectory and the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) policy moving forward, as well as new and direct implications on credit metrics. Data highlights from this month’s report include: The U.S. economy added 216,000 jobs in December, but after November and October levels were revised, three-month average job creation now sits below the pre-pandemic level. While there was no change in November, annual core inflation, which excludes the volatile food and energy components, cooled in December from 4.0% to 3.9%. Consumer sentiment rose 14% in December, reversing the past four monthly declines, driven by increased optimism toward the trajectory of inflation. Check out our report for a deep dive into the rest of this month’s data, including student loans, consumer spending, the housing market, and delinquencies. To have a holistic view of our current environment, we must understand our economic past, present, and future. Keep an eye out for this year’s chartbook for a comprehensive view of the past year and download our latest forecast for a view of what’s to come. Download report View forecast For more economic trends and market insights, visit Experian Edge.

Well-designed underwriting strategies are critical to creating more value out of your member relationships and driving growth for your business. But what makes an advanced underwriting strategy? It’s all about the data, analytics, and the people behind it. How a credit union achieved record loan growth Educational Federal Credit Union (EdFed) is a member-owned cooperative dedicated to serving the financial needs of school employees, students, and parents within the education community. After migrating to a new loan origination system, the credit union wanted to design a more profitable underwriting strategy to increase efficiency and grow their business. EdFed partnered with Experian to design an advanced underwriting strategy using our vast data sources, advanced analytics, and recommendations for greater automation. After 30 months of implementing the new loan origination system and underwriting strategies, the credit union increased their loans by 32% and automated approvals by 21%. “The partnership provided by Experian, backed by analytics, makes them the dream resource for our growth as a credit union. It isn’t just the data… it’s the people.” – Michael Aubrey, SVP Lending at Educational Federal Credit Union Learn more about how Experian can help you enhance your underwriting strategy. Learn more

With great risk comes great reward, as the saying goes. But when it comes to business, there's huge value in reducing and managing that risk as much as possible to maximize benefits — and profits. In today's high-tech strategic landscape, financial institutions and other organizations are increasingly using risk modeling to map out potential scenarios and gain a clearer understanding of where various paths may lead. But what are risk models really, and how can you ensure you're creating and using them correctly in a way that actually helps you optimize decision-making? Here, we explore the details. What is a risk model? A risk model is a representation of a particular situation that's created specifically for the purpose of assessing risk. That risk model is then used to evaluate the potential impacts of different decisions, paths and events. From assigning interest rates and amortization terms to deciding whether to begin operating in a new market, risk models are a safe way to analyze data, test assumptions and visualize potential scenarios. Risk models are particularly valuable in the credit industry. Credit risk models and credit risk analytics allow lenders to evaluate the pluses and minuses of lending to clients in specific ways. They are able to consider the larger economic environment, as well as relevant factors on a micro level. By integrating risk models into their decision-making process, lenders can refine credit offerings to fit the assessed risk of a particular situation. It goes like this: a team of risk management experts builds a model that brings together comprehensive datasets and risk modeling tools that incorporate mathematics, statistics and machine learning. This predictive modeling tool uses advanced algorithmic techniques to analyze data, identify patterns and make forecasts about future outcomes. Think of it as a crystal ball — but with science behind it. Your team can then use this risk model for a wide range of applications: refining marketing targets, reworking product offerings or reshaping business strategies. How can risk models be implemented? Risk models consolidate and utilize a wide variety of data sets, historical benchmarks and qualitative inputs to model risk and allow business leaders to test assumptions and visualize the potential results of various decisions and events. Implementing risk modeling means creating models of systems that allow you to adjust variables to imitate real-world situations and see what the results might be. A mortgage lender, for example, needs to be able to predict the effects of external and internal policies and decisions. By creating a risk model, they can test how scenarios such as falling interest rates, rising unemployment or a shift in loan acceptance rates might affect their business — and make moves to adjust their strategies accordingly. One aspect of risk modeling that can't be underestimated is the importance of good data, both quantitative and qualitative. Efforts to implement or expand risk modeling should begin with refining your data governance strategy. Maximizing the full potential of your data also requires integrating data quality solutions into your operations in order to ensure that the building blocks of your risk model are as accurate and thorough as possible. It's also important to ensure your organization has sufficient model risk governance in place. No model is perfect, and each comes with its own risks. But these risks can be mitigated with the right set of policies and procedures, some of which are part of regulatory compliance. With a comprehensive model risk management strategy, including processes like back testing, benchmarking, sensitivity analysis and stress testing, you can ensure your risk models are working for your organization — not opening you up to more risk. How can risk modeling be used in the credit industry? Risk modeling isn't just for making credit decisions. For instance, you might model the risk of opening or expanding operations in an underserved country or the costs and benefits of existing one that is underperforming. In information technology, a critical branch of virtually every modern organization, risk modeling helps security teams evaluate the risk of malicious attacks. Banking and financial services is one industry for which understanding and planning for risk is key — not only for business reasons but to align with relevant regulations. The mortgage lender mentioned above, for example, might use credit risk models to better predict risk, enhance the customer journey and ensure transparency and compliance. It's important to highlight that risk modeling is a guide, not a prophecy. Datasets can contain flaws or gaps, and human error can happen at any stage.. It's also possible to rely too heavily on historical information — and while they do say that history repeats itself, they don't mean it repeats itself exactly. That's especially true in the presence of novel challenges, like the rise of artificial intelligence. Making the best use of risk modeling tools involves not just optimizing software and data but using expert insight to interpret predictions and recommendations so that decision-making comes from a place of breadth and depth. Why are risk models important for banks and financial institutions? In the world of credit, optimizing risk assessment has clear ramifications when meeting overall business objectives. By using risk modeling to better understand your current and potential clients, you are positioned to offer the right credit products to the right audience and take action to mitigate risk. When it comes to portfolio risk management, having adequate risk models in place is paramount to meet targets. And not only does implementing quality portfolio risk analytics help maximize sales opportunities, but it can also help you identify risk proactively to avoid costly mistakes down the road. Risk mitigation tools are a key component of any risk modeling strategy and can help you maintain compliance, expose potential fraud, maximize the value of your portfolio and create a better overall customer experience. Advanced risk modeling techniques In the realm of risk modeling, the integration of advanced techniques like machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing how financial institutions assess and manage risk. These technologies enhance the predictive power of risk models by allowing for more complex data processing and pattern recognition than traditional statistical methods. Machine learning in risk modeling: ML algorithms can process vast amounts of unstructured data — such as market trends, consumer behavior and economic indicators — to identify patterns that may not be visible to human analysts. For instance, ML can be used to model credit risk by analyzing a borrower’s transaction history, social media activities and other digital footprints to predict their likelihood of default beyond traditional credit scoring methods. Artificial intelligence in decisioning: AI can automate the decisioning process in risk management by providing real-time predictions and risk assessments. AI systems can be trained to make decisions based on historical data and can adjust those decisions as they learn from new data. This capability is particularly useful in credit underwriting where AI algorithms can make rapid decisions based on market conditions. Financial institutions looking to leverage these advanced techniques must invest in robust data infrastructure, skilled personnel who can bridge the gap between data science and financial expertise, and continuous monitoring systems to ensure the models perform as expected while adhering to regulatory standards. Challenges in risk model validation Validating risk models is crucial for ensuring they function appropriately and comply with regulatory standards. Validation involves verifying both the theoretical foundations of a model and its practical implementation. Key challenges in model validation: Model complexity: As risk models become more complex, incorporating elements like ML and AI, they become harder to validate. Complex models can behave in unpredictable ways, making it difficult to understand why they are making certain decisions (the so-called "black box" issue). Data quality and availability: Effective validation requires high-quality, relevant data. Issues with data completeness, accuracy or relevance can lead to incorrect model validations. Regulatory compliance: With regulations continually evolving, keeping risk models compliant can be challenging. Different jurisdictions may have varying requirements, adding to the complexity of validation processes. Best practices: Regular reviews: Continuous monitoring and periodic reviews help ensure that models remain accurate over time and adapt to changing market conditions. Third-party audits: Independent reviews by external experts can provide an unbiased assessment of the risk model’s performance and compliance. These practices help institutions maintain the reliability and integrity of their risk models, ensuring that they continue to function as intended and comply with regulatory requirements. Read more: Blog post: What is model governance? How Experian can help Risk is inherent to business, and there's no avoiding it entirely. But integrating credit risk modeling into your operations can ensure stability and profitability in a rapidly evolving business landscape. Start with Experian's credit modeling services, which use expansive data, analytical expertise and the latest credit risk modeling methodologies to better predict risk and accelerate growth. Learn more *This article includes content created by an AI language model and is intended to provide general information.

Changes in your portfolio are a constant. To accelerate growth while proactively identifying risk, you’ll need a well-informed portfolio risk management strategy. What is portfolio risk management? Portfolio risk management is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks within a portfolio. It involves implementing strategies that allow lenders to make more informed decisions, such as whether to offer additional credit products to customers or identify credit problems before they impact their bottom line. Leveraging the right portfolio risk management solution Traditional approaches to portfolio risk management may lack a comprehensive view of customers. To effectively mitigate risk and maximize revenue within your portfolio, you’ll need a portfolio risk management tool that uses expanded customer data, advanced analytics, and modeling. Expanded data. Differentiated data sources include marketing data, traditional credit and trended data, alternative financial services data, and more. With robust consumer data fueling your portfolio risk management solution, you can gain valuable insights into your customers and make smarter decisions. Advanced analytics. Advanced analytics can analyze large volumes of data to unlock greater insights, resulting in increased predictiveness and operational efficiency. Model development. Portfolio risk modeling methodologies forecast future customer behavior, enabling you to better predict risk and gain greater precision in your decisions. Benefits of portfolio risk management Managing portfolio risk is crucial for any organization. With an advanced portfolio risk management solution, you can: Minimize losses. By monitoring accounts for negative performance, you can identify risks before they occur, resulting in minimized losses. Identify growth opportunities. With comprehensive consumer data, you can connect with customers who have untapped potential to drive cross-sell and upsell opportunities. Enhance collection efforts. For debt portfolios, having the right portfolio risk management tool can help you quickly and accurately evaluate collections recovery. Maximize your portfolio potential Experian offers portfolio risk analytics and portfolio risk management tools that can help you mitigate risk and maximize revenue with your portfolio. Get started today. Learn more

From science fiction-worthy image generators to automated underwriting, artificial intelligence (AI), big data sets and advances in computing power are transforming how we play and work. While the focus in the lending space has often been on improving the AI models that analyze data, the data that feeds into the models is just as important. Enter: data-centric AI. What is a data-centric AI? Dr. Andrew Ng, a leader in the AI field, advocates for data-centric AI and is often credited with coining the term. According to Dr. Ng, data-centric AI is, ‘the discipline of systematically engineering the data used to build an AI system.’1 To break down the definition, think of AI systems as a combination of code and data. The code is the model or algorithm that analyzes data to produce a result. The data is the information you use to train the model or later feed into the model to request a result. Traditional approaches to AI focus on the code — the models. Multiple organizations download and use the same data sets to create and improve models. But today, continued focus on model development may offer a limited return in certain industries and use cases. A data-centric AI approach focuses on developing tools and practices that improve the data. You may still need to pay attention to model development but no longer treat the data as constant. Instead, you try to improve a model's performance by increasing data quality. This can be achieved in different ways, such as using more consistent labeling, removing noisy data and collecting additional data.2 Data-centric AI isn't just about improving data quality when you build a model — it's also part of the ongoing iterative process. The data-focused approach should continue during post-deployment model monitoring and maintenance. Data-centric AI in lending Organizations in multiple industries are exploring how a data-centric approach can help them improve model performance, fairness and business outcomes. For example, lenders that take a data-centric approach to underwriting may be able to expand their lending universe, drive growth and fulfill financial inclusion goals without taking on additional risk. Conventional credit scoring models have been trained on consumer credit bureau data for decades. New versions of these models might offer increased performance because they incorporate changes in the economic landscape, consumer behavior and advances in analytics. And some new models are built with a more data-centric approach that considers additional data points from the existing data sets — such as trended data — to score consumers more accurately. However, they still solely rely on credit bureau data. Explainability and transparency are essential components of responsible AI and machine learning (a type of AI) in underwriting. Organizations need to be able to explain how their models come to decisions and ensure they are behaving as expected. Model developers and lenders that use AI to build credit risk models can incorporate new high-quality data to supplement existing data sets. Alternative credit data can include information from alternative financial services, public records, consumer-permissioned data, and buy now, pay later (BNPL) data that lenders can use in compliance with the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA).* The resulting AI-driven models may more accurately predict credit risk — decreasing lenders' losses. The models can also use alternative credit data to score consumers that conventional models can't score. Infographic: From initial strategy to results — with stops at verification, decisioning and approval — see how customers travel across an Automated Loan Underwriting Journey. Business benefit of using data-centric AI models Financial services organizations can benefit from using a data-centric AI approach to create models across the customer lifecycle. That may be why about 70 percent of businesses frequently discuss using advanced analytics and AI within underwriting and collections.3 Many have gone a step further and implemented AI. Underwriting is one of the main applications for machine learning models today, and lenders are using machine learning to:4 More accurately assess credit risk models. Decrease model development, deployment and recalibration timelines. Incorporate more alternative credit data into credit decisioning. AI analytics solutions may also increase customer lifetime value by helping lenders manage credit lines, increase retention, cross-sell products and improve collection efforts. Additionally, data-centric AI can assist with fraud detection and prevention. Case study: Learn how Atlas Credit, a small-dollar lender, used a machine learning model and loan automation to nearly doubled its loan approval rates while decreasing its credit risk losses. How Experian helps clients leverage data-centric AI for better business outcomes During a presentation in 2021, Dr. Ng used the 80-20 rule and cooking as an analogy to explain why the shift to data-centric AI makes sense.5 You might be able to make an okay meal with old or low-quality ingredients. However, if you source and prepare high-quality ingredients, you're already 80% of the way toward making a great meal. Your data is the primary ingredient for your model — do you want to use old and low-quality data? Experian has provided organizations with high-quality consumer and business credit solutions for decades, and our industry-leading data sources, models and analytics allow you to build models and make confident decisions. If you need a sous-chef, Experian offers services and has data professionals who can help you create AI-powered predictive analytics models using bureau data, alternative data and your in-house data. Learn more about our AI analytics solutions and how you can get started today. 1DataCentricAI. (2023). Data-Centric AI.2Exchange.scale (2021). The Data-Centric AI Approach With Andrew Ng.3Experian (2021). Global Insights Report September/October 2021.4FinRegLab (2021). The Use of Machine Learning for Credit Underwriting: Market & Data Science Context. 5YouTube (2021). A Chat with Andrew on MLOps: From Model-Centric to Data-Centric AI *Disclaimer: When we refer to “Alternative Credit Data," this refers to the use of alternative data and its appropriate use in consumer credit lending decisions, as regulated by the Fair Credit Reporting Act. Hence, the term “Expanded FCRA Data" may also apply in this instance and both can be used interchangeably.

More than half of U.S. businesses say they discuss fraud management often, making fraud detection in banking top-of-mind. Banking fraud prevention can seem daunting, but with the proper tools, banks, credit unions, fintechs, and other financial institutions can frustrate and root out fraudsters while maintaining a positive experience for good customers. What is banking fraud? Banking fraud is a type of financial crime that uses illegal means to obtain money, assets, or other property owned or held by a bank, other financial institution, or customers of the bank. This type of fraud can be difficult to detect when misclassified as credit risk or written off as a loss rather than investigated and prevented in the future. Fraud that impacts financial institutions consists of small-scale one-off events or larger efforts perpetrated by fraud rings. Not long ago, many of the techniques utilized by fraudsters required in-person or phone-based activities. Now, many of these activities are online, making it easier for fraudsters to disguise their intent and perpetrate multiple attacks at once or in sequence. Banking fraud can include: Identity theft: When a bad actor steals a consumer’s personal information and uses it to take money, open credit accounts, make purchases, and more. Check fraud: This type of fraud occurs when a fraudster writes a bad check, forges information, or steals and alters someone else’s check. Credit card fraud: A form of identity theft where a bad actor makes purchases or gets a cash advance in the name of an unsuspecting consumer. The fraudster may takeover an existing account by gaining access to account numbers online, steal a physical card, or open a new account in someone else’s name.  Phishing: These malicious efforts allow scammers to steal personal and account information through use of email, or in the case of smishing, through text messages. The fraudster often sends a link to the consumer that looks legitimate but is designed to steal login information, personally identifiable information, and more. Direct deposit account fraud: Also known as DDA fraud, criminals monetize stolen information to open new accounts and divert funds from payroll, assistance programs, and more. Unfortunately, this type of fraud doesn’t just lead to lost funds – it also exposes consumer data, impacts banks’ reputations, and has larger implications for the financial system. Today, top concerns for banks include generative AI (GenAI) fraud, peer-to-peer (P2P) payment scams, identity theft and transaction fraud. Without the proper detection and prevention techniques, it’s difficult for banks to keep fraudsters perpetrating these schemes out. What is banking fraud prevention? Detecting and preventing banking fraud consists of a set of techniques and tasks that help protect customers, assets and systems from those with malicious intent. Risk management solutions for banks identify fraudulent access attempts, suspicious transfer requests, signs of false identities, and more. The financial industry is constantly evolving, and so are fraudsters. As a result, it’s important for organizations to stay ahead of the curve by investing in new fraud prevention technologies. Depending on the size and sophistication of your institution, the tools and techniques that comprise your banking fraud prevention solutions may look different. However, every strategy should include multiple layers of friction designed to trip up fraudsters enough to abandon their efforts, and include flags for suspicious activity and other indicators that a user or transaction requires further scrutiny.   Some of the emerging trends in banking fraud prevention include: Use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). While these technologies aren’t new, they are finding footing across industries as they can be used to identify patterns consistent with fraudulent activity – some of which are difficult or time-consuming to detect with traditional methods. Behavioral analytics and biometrics. By noting standard customer behaviors — e.g., which devices they use and when — and how they use those devices — looking for markers of human behavior vs. bot or fraud ring activity — organizations can flag riskier users for additional authentication and verification. Leveraging additional data sources. By looking beyond standard credit reports when opening credit accounts, organizations can better detect signs of identity theft, synthetic identities, and even potential first-party fraud.     With real-time fraud detection tools in place, financial institutions can more easily identify good consumers and allow them to complete their requests while applying the right amount and type of friction to detect and prevent fraud.   How to prevent and detect banking fraud In order to be successful in the fight against fraud and keep yourself and your customers safe, financial institutions of all sizes and types must: Balance risk mitigation with the customer experience Ensure seamless interactions across platforms for known consumers who present little to no risk Leverage proper identity resolution and verification tools Recognize good consumers and apply the proper fraud mitigation techniques to riskier scenarios With Experian’s interconnected approach to fraud detection in banking, incorporating data, analytics, fraud risk scores, device intelligence, and more, you can track and assess various activities and determine where additional authentication, friction, or human intervention is required. 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‘Big data’ might not be the buzzword du jour, but it's here to stay. Whether trying to improve your customer experience, portfolio performance, automation, or new AI capabilities, access to quality data from varying data sources can create growth opportunities. 85 percent of organizations believe that poor-quality customer contact data negatively affects their operations and efficiencies, which leads to wasted resources and damages their brand. And 77 percent said that inaccurate data hurt their response to market changes during the pandemic.1 If you want to use data to drive your business forward, consider where the data comes from and how you can glean useful insights. What is a data source? A data source is a location where you can access information. It's a broad description because data sources can come in different formats — the definition depends on how the data is being used rather than a specific storage type. For example, you can get data from a spreadsheet, sensors on an internet of things device or scrape it from websites. You might store the data you gather using different types of databases. And in turn, those databases can be data sources for other programs or organizations. Types of data sources Many organizations have chief data officers, along with data engineers, scientists and analysts who gather, clean, organize and manage data. This important work relies on understanding the technical aspects of varying data sources and connections. And it can turn a disorganized pool of data into structured databases that business leaders can easily access and analyze. From a non-technical point of view, it’s important to consider where the data comes from and the pros and cons of these data sources. For instance, marketers might define data sources as: First-party data: The data collected about customers and prospects, such as account details, transaction history and interactions with your website or app. The data can be especially valuable and insightful when you can connect the dots between previously siloed data sources within your organization.Zero-party data: Some organizations have a separate classification for information that customers voluntarily share, such as their communication preferences and survey results. It can be helpful to view this data separately because it reflects customers' desires and interests, which can be used to further customize your messaging and recommendations.Second-party data: Another organization's first-party data can be your second-party data if you purchase it or have a partnership that involves data sharing or data collaboration. Second-party data can be helpful because you know exactly where the information comes from and it can complement information you already have about customers or prospects.Third-party data: Third-party data comes from aggregators that collect and organize information from multiple sources. It can further enrich your customer view to improve marketing, underwriting, customer service and collection efforts. READ: The Realizing a Single Customer View white paper explores how organizations can use high-quality data to better understand their customers. How can a data-driven approach benefit your business? Organizations use data science to make sense of the increasingly large flow of information from varying data sources. A clear view can be important for driving growth and responding to changing consumer preferences and economic uncertainty. A 2022 survey of U.S. organizations found high-quality data can help:2 Grow your business: 91 percent said investing in data quality helped business growth.Improve customer experience: 90 percent said better data quality led to better customer experiences.Increase agility: 89 percent said best practices for data quality improved business agility. You can see these benefits play out in different areas. For example, you can more precisely segment customers based on reliable geographic, demographic, behavioral and psychographic data. Or combine data sources to get a more accurate view of consumer risk and increase your AI-powered credit risk decisioning capabilities. But building and scaling data systems while maintaining good quality isn't easy. Many organizations have to manage multiple internal and external data sources, and these can feed into databases that don't always communicate with one another. Most organizations (85 percent) are looking toward automation to improve efficiency and make up for skill shortages. Most are also investing in technology to help them monitor, report and visualize data — making it easier to understand and use.3 WATCH: See how you can go from data to information to insight and foresight in the Using Business Intelligence to Unlock Better Lending Decisions webinar. Access high-quality data from Experian Digital acceleration has made accessing quality data more important than ever. This includes learning how to collect and manage your zero- and first-party data. Experian's data quality management solutions can help you aggregate, cleanse and monitor your data. And the business intelligence tools and platform democratize access, allowing non-technical business leaders to find meaningful insights. You can also enhance your data sets with second- and third-party data. Our industry-leading data sources have information on over 245 million consumers and 32 million businesses, including proprietary data assets. These include traditional credit bureau data, alternative credit data, automotive data, commercial credit data, buy now pay later data, fraud data and residential property data. And you can use our API developer portal to access additional third-party data sources within the same interface. Learn more about Experian's data sources. 1. Experian (2022). 2022 Global Data Management Research Report2. Experian (2022). The Data Quality Imperative3. Ibid.