Tag: buy now pay later

This article was updated on February 12, 2024. The Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) space has grown massively over the last few years. But with rapid growth comes an increased risk of fraud, making "Buy Now, Pay Never" a crucial fraud threat to watch out for in 2024 and beyond. What is BNPL? BNPL, a type of short-term financing, has been around for decades in different forms. It's attractive to consumers because it offers the option to split up a specific purchase into installments rather than paying the full total upfront. The modern form of BNPL typically offers four installments, with the first payment at the time of purchase, as well as 0% APR and no hidden fees. According to an Experian survey, consumers cited managing spending (34%), convenience (31%), and avoiding interest payments (23%) as main reasons for choosing BNPL. Participating retailers generally offer BNPL at point-of-sale, making it easy for customers to opt-in and get instantly approved. The customer then makes a down payment and pays off the installments from their preferred account. BNPL is on the rise The fintech and online-payment-driven world is seeing a rise in the popularity of BNPL. According to Experian research, 3 in 4 consumers have used BNPL in 2023, with 11% using BNPL weekly to make purchases. The interest in BNPL also spans generations — 36% of Gen Z, 43% of Millennials, 32% of Gen X, and 12% of Baby Boomers have used this payment method. The risks of BNPL While BNPL is a convenient, easy way for consumers to plan for their purchases, experts warn that with lax checkout and identity verification processes it is a target for digital fraud. Experian predicts an uptick in three primary risks for BNPL providers and their customers: identity theft, first-party fraud, and synthetic identity fraud. WATCH: Fraud and Identity Challenges for Fintechs Victims of identity theft can be hit with charges from BNPL providers for products they have never purchased. First-party and synthetic identity risks will emerge as a shopper's buying power grows and the temptation to abandon repayment increases. Fraudsters may use their own or fabricated identities to make purchases with no intent to repay. This leaves the BNPL provider at the risk of unrecoverable monetary losses and can impact the business' risk tolerance, causing them to narrow their lending band and miss out on properly verified consumers. An additional risk lies with fraudsters who may leverage account takeover to gain access to a legitimate user's account and payment information to make unauthorized purchases. READ: Payment Fraud Detection and Prevention: What You Need to Know Mitigating BNPL risks Luckily, there are predictive credit, identity verification, and fraud prevention tools available to help businesses minimize the risks associated with BNPL. Paired with the right data, these tools can give businesses a comprehensive view of consumer payments, including the number of outstanding BNPL loans, total BNPL loan amounts, and BNPL payment status, as well as helping to detect and apply the relevant treatment to different types of fraud. By accurately identifying customers and assessing risk in real-time, businesses can make confident lending and fraud prevention decisions. To learn more about how Experian is enabling the protection of consumer credit scores, better risk assessments, and more inclusive lending, visit us or request a call. And keep an eye out for additional in-depth explorations of our Future of Fraud Forecast. Learn more Future of Fraud Forecast

Trust is the primary factor in any business building a long-lasting relationship, especially when a company operates globally and wants to build a loyal customer base. With the rapid acceleration of digital shopping and transactions comes a growing fraud landscape. And, given the continual increase of people wanting to transact online, marketplace companies – from ecommerce apps, ridesharing, to rental companies – need to have ideal strategies in place to protect themselves and their customers from fraudulent activities. Without ideal risk mitigation or comprehensive fraud and identity proofing strategies, marketplaces may find themselves facing the following: Card-not-present (CNP) Fraud: As online shopping increases, customers can’t provide a credit card directly to the merchant. That’s why fraudsters can use stolen credit card information to make unauthorized transactions. And in most cases, card owners are unaware of being compromised. Without an integrated view of risk, existing credit card authentication services used in isolation can result in high false positives, friction and a lack of card issuer support. Unverified Consumer Members, Vendors, Hosts & Drivers: From digital marketplace merchants like Etsy and Amazon, to peer-to-peer sharing economies like AirBnB, Uber and Lyft, the marketplace ecosystem is prone to bad actors who use false ID techniques to exploit both the platform and consumers for monetary gain. Additionally, card transaction touchpoints across the customer lifecycle increases risks of credit card authentication. This can be at account opening, account management when changes to existing account information is necessary, or at checkout. Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) Muling: While a convenient way for consumers to plan for their purchases, experts warn that without cautionary and security measures, BNPL can be a target for digital fraud. Fraudsters may use their own or fabricated identities or leverage account takeover to gain access to a legitimate user’s account and payment information to make purchases with no intent to repay. This leaves the BNPL provider at the risk of unrecoverable monetary losses that can impact the business’ risk tolerance. Forged Listings & Fake Accounts: Unauthorized vendors that create a fake account using falsified identities, stolen credit cards and publish fake listings and product reviews are another threat faced by ecommerce marketplaces. These types of fraud can happen without the vast data sources necessary to assess the risk of a customer and authenticate credit cards among other fraud and identity verification solutions. By not focusing on establishing trust, fraud mitigation management solutions and identity proofing strategies, businesses can often find themselves with serious monetary, reputational, and security qualms. Interested in learning more? Download Experian’s Building Trust in Digital Marketplaces e-book and discover the strategies digital marketplaces, like the gig economy and peer-to-peer markets, can take to keep their users safe, and protected from fraudulent activity. For additional information on how Experian is helping businesses mitigate fraud, explore our comprehensive suite of identity and fraud solutions. Download e-book

BNPL is a misunderstood form of credit. In fact, many consumers are unaware that it is credit at all and view it simply as a mode of payment. This guide debunks common BNPL myths to explain what BNPL data will mean for lenders and consumers. In the past year, Experian collected more than 130 million buy now, pay later (BNPL) records from four major BNPL fintech lenders and conducted the most comprehensive analysis of BNPL data available today. The results provided valuable insights on: Who are the consumers using BNPL loans? What is the nature of their current mainstream credit relationships? What do their current BNPL behaviors look like? BNPL myth-busting: Who’s using it, how much are they spending and how risky are BNPL loans? Since BNPL launched in the United States in the 2010s, BNPL has exploded into the consciousness of online shoppers, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.  According to Forrester, Millennials are the biggest adopters of BNPL at 18%, followed by their younger counterparts in Gen Z at 11%.1 But looking at statistics like these without additional analysis could be problematic.  The dramatic growth of leading BNPL fintechs such as Klarna, Affirm and Afterpay has demonstrated how strongly these services resonate with consumers and retailers. The growth of BNPL has attracted the attention of established lenders interested in capitalizing on the popularity of these services (while also looking to minimize its impact on their existing services, such as credit cards or personal loans). Meanwhile, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has urged caution about potential risks, calling for more consistent consumer protections market-wide and transparency into consumer debt accumulation and overextension across lenders. The underlying assumptions debated are that BNPL is used: Predominantly by young people with limited incomes and credit history To pay for frequent, low-value purchases using a cheap and readily available source of credit As a result, it is often seen as a riskier form of lending. But are these assumptions correct? Using data from more than 130 million BNPL transactions from four leading BNPL fintech lenders, we’ve obtained a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of BNPL users and their defining features. Our findings look somewhat different to the popular stereotypes. Myth 1: BNPL is used only for low-value purchases According to our analysis, most BNPL purchases, 95 percent are for items costing $300 or less.2 Some of it is low-value, but not all. In fact, we found that the average purchase using BNPL was similar to that of a credit card, at $132.Average transaction sizes have increased 10 percent year-over-year, and we now see BNPL purchases for goods costing well over $1,000. We also see that consumers take out an average of 5 BNPL loans in a year and 23 percent of them have loans with more than one BNPL provider at a time. Myth 2: BNPL is simply an easier payment method Consumers see BNPL as a simple, quick and convenient way to pay. But, as shoppers receive goods for which payment is deferred, it’s also a form of credit. However, unlike short-term high-interest loans, BNPL credit comes at zero cost to the borrower, with some, but not all BNPL fintech providers charging late payment fees – fueling many borrowers’ sense that it’s an easy way to pay, rather than a loan. Myth 3: Only Gen Z shoppers aged 25 and below are using BNPL Younger shoppers are slightly more represented in the data transactions, but our analysis shows consumers of all ages use BNPL. BNPL is going mainstream, and its appeal is widening. The average age of BNPL consumers is 36 years old, with an average credit history of 9 years.2 The ease of use of these services at the checkout means they have a broad appeal. Over half of U.S. adults have reported using a BNPL service at least once. Despite Millennials and Gen Z having used BNPL financing the most, Gen Xers are not too far behind in usage, with 52% having used it.2 We anticipate that in the use of BNPL will continue to grow as more customers become more familiar with the benefits, and the diversification of products continues. Understanding the opportunities this growth presents to both consumers and lenders is critical to protecting their interests. And helping to facilitate access to credit, enabling responsible spending, while also limiting risks and providing services that consumers can afford is also critical. Download the full guide for additional myths we’re exposing We will take a deep dive into what our early data analysis suggests about the market and the BNPL myths our analysis is exposing. Additionally, we will examine: Why BNPL data matters to providers and lenders How BNPL data can improve visibility of consumers’ creditworthiness Ways in which transparency of BNPL data could benefit consumers 1The Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) Opportunity,” Forrester Report, April 29, 2022.2Experian data and analytics derived from 130M+ BNPL transactions

Alternative credit scoring has become mainstream. Lenders that use alternative credit scores can find opportunities to expand their lending universe without taking on additional risk and more accurately assess the credit risk of traditionally scoreable consumers. Obtaining a more holistic consumer view can help lenders improve automation and efficiency throughout the customer lifecycle. What is alternative credit scoring? Alternative credit scoring models incorporate alternative credit data* that isn't typically found on consumer credit reports. These scores aren't necessarily trying to predict alternative outcomes. The goal is the same — to understand the likelihood that a borrower will miss payments in the future. What's different is the information (and sometimes the analytical techniques) that inform these predictions.Traditional credit scoring models solely consider information found in consumer credit reports. There's a lot of information there — Experian's consumer credit database has data on over 245 million consumers. But although traditional consumer data can be insightful, it doesn't necessarily give lenders a complete picture of consumers' creditworthiness. Alternative credit scores draw from additional data sources, including: Alternative financial services: Credit data from alternative financial services (AFS) can tell you about consumers' experiences with small-dollar installment loans, single-payment loans, point-of-sale financing, auto title loans and rent-to-own agreements. Buy Now Pay Later: Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) borrowing is popular with consumers across the scoring spectrum, and lenders can use access to open BNPL loans to better assess consumers' current capacity. Rental payments: Landlords, property managers, collection companies, rent payment services and consumer-permissioned data can give lenders access to consumers' rent payment history. Full-file public records: Credit reports generally only include bankruptcy records from the previous seven to ten years. However, lenders with access to full-file public records can also learn about consumers' property deeds, address history, and professional and occupational licenses. READ: Take a deep dive into Experian's State of Alternative Credit Data report to learn more about the different types of alternative credit data and uses across the loan lifecycle. With open banking, consumers can now easily and securely share access to their banking and brokerage account data — and they're increasingly comfortable doing so. In fact, 70% would likely share their banking data for better loan rates, financial tools or personalized spending insights.Tools like Experian Boost allow consumers to add certain types of positive payment information to their Experian credit reports, including rent, utility and select streaming service payments. Some traditional scores consider these additional data points, and users have seen their FICO Score 8 from Experian boosted by an average of 13 points.1 Experian Go also allows credit invisible consumers to establish a credit report with consumer-permissioned alternative data.  The benefits of using alternative credit data The primary benefit for lenders is access to new borrowers. Alternative credit scores help lenders accurately score more consumers — identifying creditworthy borrowers who might otherwise be automatically denied because they don't qualify for traditional credit scores. The increased access to credit may also align with lenders' financial inclusion goals.Lenders may additionally benefit from a more precise understanding of consumers who are scoreable. When integrated into a credit decisioning platform, the alternative scores could allow lenders to increase automation (and consumers' experiences) without taking on more credit risk. The future of alternative credit scoring Alternative credit scoring might not be an alternative for much longer, and the future looks bright for lenders who can take advantage of increased access to data, advanced analytics and computing power.Continued investment in alternative data sources and machine learning could help bring more consumers into the credit system — breaking barriers and decreasing the cost of basic lending products for millions. At the same time, lenders can further customize offers and automate their operations throughout the customer lifecycle. Partnering with Experian Small and medium-sized lenders may lack the budget or expertise to unlock the potential of alternative data on their own. Instead, lenders can turn to off-the-shelf alternative models that can offer immediate performance lifts without a heavy IT investment.Experian's Lift PlusTM score draws on industry- leading mainstream credit data and FCRA-regulated alternative credit data to provide additional consumer behavior insights. It can score 49% of mainstream credit-invisible consumers and for thin file consumers with a new trade, a 29% lift in scoreable accounts. Learn more about our alternative credit data scoring solutions. Learn more * When we refer to “Alternative Credit Data," this refers to the use of alternative data and its appropriate use in consumer credit lending decisions as regulated by the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). Hence, the term “Expanded FCRA Data" may also apply in this instance and both can be used interchangeably.1Experian (2023). Experian Boost

These days, the call for financial inclusion is being answered by a disruptive force of new financial products and services. From fintech to storied institutional players, we're seeing a variety of offerings that are increasingly accessible and affordable for consumers. It's a step in the right direction. And beyond the moral imperative, companies that meet the call are finding that financial inclusion can be a source of business growth and a necessity for staying relevant in a competitive marketplace. A diaspora of credit-invisible consumers To start, let's put the problem in context. A 2022 Oliver Wyman report found about 19 percent of the adult population is either credit invisible (has no credit file) or unscoreable (not enough credit information to be scoreable by conventional credit scoring models). But some communities are disproportionately impacted by this reality. Specifically, the report found: Black Americans are 1.8 times more likely to be credit invisible or unscoreable than white Americans. Recent immigrants may have trouble accessing credit in the U.S., even if they're creditworthy in their home country. About 40 percent of credit invisibles are under 25 years old. In low-income neighborhoods, nearly 30 percent of adults are credit invisible and an additional 16 percent are unscoreable. Younger and older Americans alike may shy away from credit products because of negative experiences and distrust of creditors. Similarly, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) reports that an estimated 5.4 percent (approximately 7.1 million) households, were unbanked in 2019 — often because they can't meet minimum balance requirements or don't trust banks. Credit invisibles and unscoreables may prefer to deal in a cash economy and turn to alternative credit and banking products, such as payday loans, prepaid cards, and check-cashing services. But these products can perpetuate negative spirals. High fees and interest can create a vicious cycle of spending money to access money, and the products don't help the consumers build credit. In turn, the lack of credit keeps the consumers from utilizing less expensive, mainstream financial products. The emergence of new players Recently, we've seen explosive growth in fintech — technology that aims to improve and automate the delivery and use of financial services. According to market research firm IDC, fintech is expected to achieve a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25 percent through 2022, reaching a market value of $309 billion. It's reaching mass adoption by consumers: Plaid® reports that 88 percent of U.S. consumers use fintech apps or services (up from 58 percent in 2020), and 76 percent of consumers consider the ability to connect bank accounts to apps and services a top priority. Some of these new products and services are aimed at helping consumers get easier and less expensive access to traditional forms of credit. Others are creating alternative options for consumers. Free credit-building tools. Experian Go™ lets credit invisibles quickly and easily establish their credit history. Likewise, consumers can use Experian Boost™ to build their credit with non-traditional payments, including their existing phone, utility and streaming services bills. Alternative credit-building products. Chime® and Varo® , two neobanks, offer credit builder cards that are secured by a bank account that customers can easily add or withdraw money from. Mission Asset Fund, a nonprofit focused on helping immigrants, offers a fee- and interest-free credit builder loan through its lending circle program. Cash-flow underwriting. Credit card issuers and lenders, including Petal and Upstart, are using cash-flow underwriting for their consumer products. Buy now, pay later. Several Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) providers make it easy for consumers to pay off a purchase over time without a credit check. Behind the scenes, it's easier than ever to access alternative credit data1 — or expanded Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)-regulated data — which includes rental payments, small-dollar loans and consumer-permissioned data. And there are new services that can help turn the raw data into a valuable resource. For example, Lift PremiumTM uses multiple sources of expanded FCRA-regulated data to score 96 percent of American adults — compared to the 81 percent that conventional scoring models can score with traditional credit data. While we dig deeper to help credit invisibles, we're also finding that the insights from previously unreported transactions and behavior can offer a performance lift when applied to near-prime and prime consumers. It truly can be a win-win for consumers and creditors alike. Final word There's still a lot of work to be done to close wealth gaps and create a more inclusive financial system. But it's clear that consumers want to participate in a credit economy and are looking for opportunities to demonstrate their creditworthiness. Businesses that fail to respond to the call for more inclusive tools and practices may find themselves falling behind. Many companies are already using or planning to use alternative data, advanced analytics, machine learning, and AI in their credit-decisioning. Consider how you can similarly use these advancements to help others break out of negative cycles. 1When we refer to “Alternative Credit Data," this refers to the use of alternative data and its appropriate use in consumer credit lending decisions, as regulated by the Fair Credit Reporting Act. Hence, the term “Expanded FCRA Data" may also apply in this instance and both can be used interchangeably.

Experian’s latest Global Insights Report found that more than half of consumers have increased their online spending in the last three months, and 50% say it will increase in the next three months. Life online is here to stay, and consumer expectations have shifted, giving businesses and opportunity to sink or swim when building trust and gaining loyalty. This spring, Experian surveyed 6,000 consumers and 2,000 businesses across all industries to learn more about how, why, and where consumers are interacting with businesses online. Our research found that: Experience is top of mind, with 81% of consumers saying that a positive online experience makes them think more highly of a brand Digital payment options are on the rise with 62% of consumers using mobile wallets and 57% considering buy now, pay later as a replacement for their credit card Security is still a big factor, but 73% of consumers say the onus is on businesses to protect them online Download the report to get all the latest insights into consumer sentiment and how recent changes are impacting business priorities and investments. Download the report

“Disruption has caused enormous amounts of innovation,” said Jennifer Schulz, CEO of Experian, North America. “We must continue to be the disruptors in our industry which takes effort, data, technology, bright minds and vision for what the future will be.” Schulz kicked off the 39th Vision conference with a future-focused keynote delivered to a crowd of more than 400 attendees. Alex Lintner, Group President, Experian Consumer Information Services, talked about the next phase of great, highlighting the digital transformation that has taken place in the generations of the past and the disruption and innovation happening today and in the future. Keynote speaker: Dr. Mohamed A. El-Erian Dr. Mohamed A. El-Erian, renowned economist and author, President of Queens’ College, Cambridge, Chief Economic Advisor at Allianz, Chair of President Obama’s Global Development Council and Former CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer of PIMCO, spoke about the Fed, inflation, negative interest rates and the labor market, as well as the importance of inclusion. El-Erian, who said he reads the Financial Times religiously, acknowledged that we will make mistakes on the journey as we work to be even more inclusive. To navigate what’s ahead, he said we will need resilience, optionality and agility. “It’s important to connect with information, acknowledge the insecurity, in a language people understand, in order to connect,” he said.     Session highlights – day 1 The conference hall was buzzing with conversations, discussions and thought leadership. Buy Now Pay Later A large audience was in attendance for a session that introduced Experian’s Buy Now Pay Later Bureau™ and explored how it’s the first and only solution of its kind — serving consumers, BNPL providers, financial institutions and regulators. Identity Identity is constantly evolving, and while biometrics and authentication may have become ubiquitous, there is much activity around the concepts of eIDs, identity wallets and identity networks. Experian is making identities personal and helping businesses to recognize, manage and connect customer identities in new ways using data, analytics and technology. Marketing In today’s hypercompetitive world, businesses need to engage the freshest data and increase velocity when it comes to time to market. An average of 120 days won’t cut it. Ascend Marketing speeds time to market and helps achieve higher ROI. Regulatory Landscape With so much happening at Capitol Hill, a panel of experts from DC discussed a number of topics and proposals (and their impacts), including the defense for risk-based pricing, the impact of suppressing negative data, and trending topics like Buy Now Pay Later and data portability. All the while, the tech showcase had a constant flow of attendees with demos ranging from data and decisioning to financial inclusion and technology. This is just the beginning. And as Schulz said, “There’s more to do.” More insights from Vision to come. Follow @ExperianVision to see more of the action.

With consumers continuing to take a digital-first approach to everything from shopping to dating and investing, fraudsters are finding new and innovative ways to commit fraud. To help businesses anticipate and prepare for the road ahead, we created the 2022 Future of Fraud Forecast. Here are the fraud trends we expect to see over the coming year: Buy Now, Pay Never: Buy now, pay later lenders will see an uptick in identity theft and synthetic identity fraud. Beware of Cryptocurrency Scams: Fraudsters will set up cryptocurrency accounts to extract, store and funnel stolen funds, such as the billions of stimulus dollars swindled by criminals. Double the Trouble for Ransomware Attacks: Fraudsters will not only ask for a hefty ransom to cede control back to the companies they’ve hacked but also steal and leverage data from the hacked company. Love, Actually?: Romance scams will continue to see an uptick, with fraudsters asking victims for money or loans to cover fabricated travel costs, medical expenses and more. Digital Elder Abuse Will Rise: Older consumers and other vulnerable digital newbies will be hit with social engineering and account takeover fraud. “Businesses and consumers need to be aware of the creativity and agility that fraudsters are using today, especially in our digital-first world,” said Kathleen Peters, Chief Innovation Officer at Experian Decision Analytics in North America. “Experian continues to leverage data and advanced analytics to develop innovative solutions to help businesses prevent fraudulent behavior and protect consumers.” To learn more about how to protect your business and customers from rising fraud trends, download the Future of Fraud Forecast and check out Experian’s fraud prevention solutions. Future of Fraud Forecast Read Press Release