Tag: BNPL

This article was updated on February 13, 2024. Traditional credit data has long been a reliable source for measuring consumers' creditworthiness. While that's not changing, new types of alternative credit data are giving lenders a more complete picture of consumers' financial health. With supplemental data, lenders can better serve a wider variety of consumers and increase financial access and opportunities in their communities. What is alternative credit data? Alternative credit data, also known as expanded FCRA-regulated data, is data that can help you evaluate creditworthiness but isn't included in traditional credit reports.1 To comply with the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), alternative credit data must be displayable, disputable and correctable. Lenders are increasingly turning to new types and sources of data as the use of alternative credit data becomes the norm in underwriting. Today, lenders commonly use one or more of the following: Alternative financial services data: Alternative financial services (AFS) credit data can include information on consumers' use of small-dollar installment loans, single-payment loans, point-of-sale financing, auto title loans and rent-to-own agreements. Consumer permission data: With a consumer's permission, you can get transactional and account-level data from financial accounts to better assess income, assets and cash flow. The access can also give insight into payment history on non-traditional accounts, such as utilities, cell phone and streaming services. Rental payment history: Property managers, electronic rent payment services and rent collection companies can share information on consumers' rent payment history and lease terms. Full-file public records: Local- and state-level public records can tell you about a consumer's professional and occupational licenses, education, property deeds and address history. Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) data: BNPL tradeline and account data can show you payment and return histories, along with upcoming scheduled payments. It may become even more important as consumers increasingly use this new type of point-of-sale financing. By gathering more information, you can get a deeper understanding of consumers' creditworthiness and expand your lending universe. From market segmentation to fraud prevention and collections, you can also use alternative credit data throughout the customer lifecycle. READ: 2023 State of Alternative Credit Data Report Challenges in underwriting today While unemployment rates are down, high inflation, rising interest rates and uncertainty about the economy are impacting consumer sentiment and the lending environment.2 Additionally, lenders may need to shift their underwriting approaches as pandemic-related assistance programs and loan accommodations end. Lenders may want to tighten their credit criteria. But, at the same time, consumers are becoming accustomed to streamlined application processes and responses. A slow manual review could lead to losing customers. Alternative credit data can help you more accurately assess consumers' creditworthiness, which may make it easier to identify high-risk applicants and find the hidden gems within medium-risk segments. Layering traditional and alternative credit data with the latest approaches to model building, such as using artificial intelligence, can also help you implement precise and predictive underwriting strategies. Benefits of using alternative data for credit underwriting Using alternative data for credit underwriting — along with custom credit attributes and automation — is the modern approach to a risk-based credit approval strategy. The result can offer: A greater view of consumer creditworthiness: Personal cash flow data and a consumer's history of making (or missing) payments that don't appear on traditional credit reports can give you a better understanding of their financial position. Improve speed and accuracy of credit decisions: The expanded view helps you create a more efficient underwriting process. Automated underwriting tools can incorporate alternative credit data and attributes with meaningful results. One lender, Atlas Credit, worked with Experian to create a custom model that incorporated alternative credit data and nearly doubled its approvals while reducing risk by 15 to 20 percent.3 Increase financial inclusion: There are 28 million American adults who don't have a mainstream credit file and 21 million who aren't scoreable by conventional scoring models.4 With alternative credit data, you may be able to more accurately assess the creditworthiness of adults who would otherwise be deemed thin file or unscorable. Broadening your pool of applications while appropriately managing risk is a measurable success. What Experian builds and offers Experian is continually expanding access to expanded FCRA-regulated data. Our Experian RentBureau and Clarity Services (the leading source of alternative financial credit data) have long given lenders a more complete picture of consumers' financial situation. Experian also helps lenders effectively use these new types of data. You can also incorporate the data into your proprietary marketing, lending and collections strategies. Experian is also using alternative credit data for credit scoring. The Lift Premium™ model can score 96 percent of U.S. adults — compared to the 81 percent that conventional models can score using traditional data.5 The bottom line Lenders have been testing and using alternative credit data for years, but its use in underwriting may become even more important as they need to respond to changing consumer expectations and economic uncertainty. Experian is supporting this innovation by expanding access to alternative data sources and helping lenders understand how to best use and implement alternative credit data in their lending strategies. Learn more 1When we refer to “Alternative Credit Data," this refers to the use of alternative data and its appropriate use in consumer credit lending decisions, as regulated by the Fair Credit Reporting Act. Hence, the term “Expanded FCRA Data" may also apply and can be used interchangeably. 2Experian (2024). State of the Economy Report 3Experian (2020). OneAZ Credit Union [Case Study] 4Oliver Wyman (2022). Financial Inclusion and Access to Credit [White Paper] 5Ibid.

This article was updated on February 12, 2024. The Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) space has grown massively over the last few years. But with rapid growth comes an increased risk of fraud, making "Buy Now, Pay Never" a crucial fraud threat to watch out for in 2024 and beyond. What is BNPL? BNPL, a type of short-term financing, has been around for decades in different forms. It's attractive to consumers because it offers the option to split up a specific purchase into installments rather than paying the full total upfront. The modern form of BNPL typically offers four installments, with the first payment at the time of purchase, as well as 0% APR and no hidden fees. According to an Experian survey, consumers cited managing spending (34%), convenience (31%), and avoiding interest payments (23%) as main reasons for choosing BNPL. Participating retailers generally offer BNPL at point-of-sale, making it easy for customers to opt-in and get instantly approved. The customer then makes a down payment and pays off the installments from their preferred account. BNPL is on the rise The fintech and online-payment-driven world is seeing a rise in the popularity of BNPL. According to Experian research, 3 in 4 consumers have used BNPL in 2023, with 11% using BNPL weekly to make purchases. The interest in BNPL also spans generations — 36% of Gen Z, 43% of Millennials, 32% of Gen X, and 12% of Baby Boomers have used this payment method. The risks of BNPL While BNPL is a convenient, easy way for consumers to plan for their purchases, experts warn that with lax checkout and identity verification processes it is a target for digital fraud. Experian predicts an uptick in three primary risks for BNPL providers and their customers: identity theft, first-party fraud, and synthetic identity fraud. WATCH: Fraud and Identity Challenges for Fintechs Victims of identity theft can be hit with charges from BNPL providers for products they have never purchased. First-party and synthetic identity risks will emerge as a shopper's buying power grows and the temptation to abandon repayment increases. Fraudsters may use their own or fabricated identities to make purchases with no intent to repay. This leaves the BNPL provider at the risk of unrecoverable monetary losses and can impact the business' risk tolerance, causing them to narrow their lending band and miss out on properly verified consumers. An additional risk lies with fraudsters who may leverage account takeover to gain access to a legitimate user's account and payment information to make unauthorized purchases. READ: Payment Fraud Detection and Prevention: What You Need to Know Mitigating BNPL risks Luckily, there are predictive credit, identity verification, and fraud prevention tools available to help businesses minimize the risks associated with BNPL. Paired with the right data, these tools can give businesses a comprehensive view of consumer payments, including the number of outstanding BNPL loans, total BNPL loan amounts, and BNPL payment status, as well as helping to detect and apply the relevant treatment to different types of fraud. By accurately identifying customers and assessing risk in real-time, businesses can make confident lending and fraud prevention decisions. To learn more about how Experian is enabling the protection of consumer credit scores, better risk assessments, and more inclusive lending, visit us or request a call. And keep an eye out for additional in-depth explorations of our Future of Fraud Forecast. Learn more Future of Fraud Forecast

Trust is the primary factor in any business building a long-lasting relationship, especially when a company operates globally and wants to build a loyal customer base. With the rapid acceleration of digital shopping and transactions comes a growing fraud landscape. And, given the continual increase of people wanting to transact online, marketplace companies – from ecommerce apps, ridesharing, to rental companies – need to have ideal strategies in place to protect themselves and their customers from fraudulent activities. Without ideal risk mitigation or comprehensive fraud and identity proofing strategies, marketplaces may find themselves facing the following: Card-not-present (CNP) Fraud: As online shopping increases, customers can’t provide a credit card directly to the merchant. That’s why fraudsters can use stolen credit card information to make unauthorized transactions. And in most cases, card owners are unaware of being compromised. Without an integrated view of risk, existing credit card authentication services used in isolation can result in high false positives, friction and a lack of card issuer support. Unverified Consumer Members, Vendors, Hosts & Drivers: From digital marketplace merchants like Etsy and Amazon, to peer-to-peer sharing economies like AirBnB, Uber and Lyft, the marketplace ecosystem is prone to bad actors who use false ID techniques to exploit both the platform and consumers for monetary gain. Additionally, card transaction touchpoints across the customer lifecycle increases risks of credit card authentication. This can be at account opening, account management when changes to existing account information is necessary, or at checkout. Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) Muling: While a convenient way for consumers to plan for their purchases, experts warn that without cautionary and security measures, BNPL can be a target for digital fraud. Fraudsters may use their own or fabricated identities or leverage account takeover to gain access to a legitimate user’s account and payment information to make purchases with no intent to repay. This leaves the BNPL provider at the risk of unrecoverable monetary losses that can impact the business’ risk tolerance. Forged Listings & Fake Accounts: Unauthorized vendors that create a fake account using falsified identities, stolen credit cards and publish fake listings and product reviews are another threat faced by ecommerce marketplaces. These types of fraud can happen without the vast data sources necessary to assess the risk of a customer and authenticate credit cards among other fraud and identity verification solutions. By not focusing on establishing trust, fraud mitigation management solutions and identity proofing strategies, businesses can often find themselves with serious monetary, reputational, and security qualms. Interested in learning more? Download Experian’s Building Trust in Digital Marketplaces e-book and discover the strategies digital marketplaces, like the gig economy and peer-to-peer markets, can take to keep their users safe, and protected from fraudulent activity. For additional information on how Experian is helping businesses mitigate fraud, explore our comprehensive suite of identity and fraud solutions. Download e-book

BNPL is a misunderstood form of credit. In fact, many consumers are unaware that it is credit at all and view it simply as a mode of payment. This guide debunks common BNPL myths to explain what BNPL data will mean for lenders and consumers. In the past year, Experian collected more than 130 million buy now, pay later (BNPL) records from four major BNPL fintech lenders and conducted the most comprehensive analysis of BNPL data available today. The results provided valuable insights on: Who are the consumers using BNPL loans? What is the nature of their current mainstream credit relationships? What do their current BNPL behaviors look like? BNPL myth-busting: Who’s using it, how much are they spending and how risky are BNPL loans? Since BNPL launched in the United States in the 2010s, BNPL has exploded into the consciousness of online shoppers, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.  According to Forrester, Millennials are the biggest adopters of BNPL at 18%, followed by their younger counterparts in Gen Z at 11%.1 But looking at statistics like these without additional analysis could be problematic.  The dramatic growth of leading BNPL fintechs such as Klarna, Affirm and Afterpay has demonstrated how strongly these services resonate with consumers and retailers. The growth of BNPL has attracted the attention of established lenders interested in capitalizing on the popularity of these services (while also looking to minimize its impact on their existing services, such as credit cards or personal loans). Meanwhile, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has urged caution about potential risks, calling for more consistent consumer protections market-wide and transparency into consumer debt accumulation and overextension across lenders. The underlying assumptions debated are that BNPL is used: Predominantly by young people with limited incomes and credit history To pay for frequent, low-value purchases using a cheap and readily available source of credit As a result, it is often seen as a riskier form of lending. But are these assumptions correct? Using data from more than 130 million BNPL transactions from four leading BNPL fintech lenders, we’ve obtained a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of BNPL users and their defining features. Our findings look somewhat different to the popular stereotypes. Myth 1: BNPL is used only for low-value purchases According to our analysis, most BNPL purchases, 95 percent are for items costing $300 or less.2 Some of it is low-value, but not all. In fact, we found that the average purchase using BNPL was similar to that of a credit card, at $132.Average transaction sizes have increased 10 percent year-over-year, and we now see BNPL purchases for goods costing well over $1,000. We also see that consumers take out an average of 5 BNPL loans in a year and 23 percent of them have loans with more than one BNPL provider at a time. Myth 2: BNPL is simply an easier payment method Consumers see BNPL as a simple, quick and convenient way to pay. But, as shoppers receive goods for which payment is deferred, it’s also a form of credit. However, unlike short-term high-interest loans, BNPL credit comes at zero cost to the borrower, with some, but not all BNPL fintech providers charging late payment fees – fueling many borrowers’ sense that it’s an easy way to pay, rather than a loan. Myth 3: Only Gen Z shoppers aged 25 and below are using BNPL Younger shoppers are slightly more represented in the data transactions, but our analysis shows consumers of all ages use BNPL. BNPL is going mainstream, and its appeal is widening. The average age of BNPL consumers is 36 years old, with an average credit history of 9 years.2 The ease of use of these services at the checkout means they have a broad appeal. Over half of U.S. adults have reported using a BNPL service at least once. Despite Millennials and Gen Z having used BNPL financing the most, Gen Xers are not too far behind in usage, with 52% having used it.2 We anticipate that in the use of BNPL will continue to grow as more customers become more familiar with the benefits, and the diversification of products continues. Understanding the opportunities this growth presents to both consumers and lenders is critical to protecting their interests. And helping to facilitate access to credit, enabling responsible spending, while also limiting risks and providing services that consumers can afford is also critical. Download the full guide for additional myths we’re exposing We will take a deep dive into what our early data analysis suggests about the market and the BNPL myths our analysis is exposing. Additionally, we will examine: Why BNPL data matters to providers and lenders How BNPL data can improve visibility of consumers’ creditworthiness Ways in which transparency of BNPL data could benefit consumers 1The Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) Opportunity,” Forrester Report, April 29, 2022.2Experian data and analytics derived from 130M+ BNPL transactions

Experian recently attended Fintech Nexus USA, formally known as LendIt Fintech USA, the leading event for innovation in financial services. The event was held at the Javits Center in New York City on May 25-26. This year’s event housed over 4,000 attendees, 350 speakers and 225 sponsors. Experian was a proud platinum sponsor and participated in two expert sessions. Day one Gasan Awad, Product Management Vice President for Experian Fraud and Analytics, led the session, “Frictionless Fraud Prevention: Fintech’s Balancing Act.” Gasan was joined by Ibo Dusi, Chief Risk Officer for Revolut, and Ashish Gupta, Chief Risk Officer for LendingPoint, to discuss the growing fraud landscape. “ Fraud is not slowing down; it is getting more complex as customers continue to grow their online and digital usage.” Gasan Award There has been $56 billion in identity fraud losses since 2020, $13 billion stemmed from traditional identity fraud and $43 billion from identity fraud scams. 53% of consumers say security is the most important aspect of their online experience. During the session, our experts delved into important questions, including: What fraud and identity-proofing strategies should you consider to prevent sophisticated attacks and balance ease of interactions? How do you detect fraudsters without disrupting the customer experience? Want more insight? Access the discussion here. Learn more about how Experian supports fintechs by visiting our fintech resources page, and how we’re helping businesses of all types stay guarded against fraud with our fraud prevention solutions. Day two Greg Wright, Executive Vice President and Chief Product Officer for Experian, joined Afterpay, Sunbit and Jifiti in the session, “Reconciling Responsible Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) with the Need for Access.”   BNPL industry fast facts: Last year in the U.S., 45 million Americans used BNPL. The number of U.S. users has grown 300% since 2018. Spending in the U.S. was $20.8B in 2021 and is forecasted to grow globally to $1T by 2025. Real-time data is critical for the BNPL industry. Greg provided insight into what Experian is doing to incorporate BNPL data into the lending ecosystem. Through The Buy Now Pay Later Bureau™, Experian plans to bring transparency to the BNPL and financial services industries. We are currently working with large BNPLs to support data furnishing of BNPL tradelines to the new bureau.     “We figured out a way to work with the BNPL clients to bring BNPL data into the lending ecosystem to where it does not have an immediate impact on your credit score just because you chose to use a BNPL option rather than a credit card,” said Greg Wright.      Typical lending risk models limit the accessibility of financing, but the nature of BNPL dictates that merchants and consumers need instant decision-making. Experian's response to the BNPL finance method is a consumer-friendly solution that supports end-to-end credit risk insights and point-of-sale financing solutions that do not fit into mainstream credit processes and aren’t adequately handled by traditional credit scores. This one-of-a-kind specialty bureau allows consumers to benefit from successful repayment behaviors and lenders of all types to drive more inclusive and responsible practices. Additionally, Experian has plans to make BNPL data visible on the core consumer credit profile. Ready to learn more? Access the discussion here. Discover how you can bring transparency to the industry with The Buy Now Pay Later Bureau and power innovative fintech lending solutions. Fintech resources The Buy Now Pay Later Bureau

Experian’s in-person Vision conference returns next Monday, April 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. The event is known for premier thought leadership, net-new insights and the latest and greatest in technology, innovation and data science. This year’s agenda promises to have intentional discussions around tomorrow’s trending topics including financial inclusion, buy now pay later, open banking, the future of fraud, alternative data strategies, and much more. A few spotlight sessions include: Top trends including the future application of the cloud and emerging technologies, emerging regulatory legislation and the broader implications and opportunities of DeFi. A deep dive into strategies around the targeting/marketing revolution and how to deliver in the post-COVID-19 market environments and bolster financial inclusion decisions. An introduction to Experian’s Buy Now Pay Later BureauTM, the industry’s first and only solution designed to address the needs of consumers, BNPL providers, financial institutions and regulators alike. A roundup of sessions addressing innovation in action spanning from real-time verifications, to data-driven automation, and unified platforms from data to deployment to decisioning. Several sessions highlighting future-looking strategies and solutions that leverage alternative data that can increase conversion rates while concurrently reducing risk. Multiple sessions centered on the rapidly changing identity environment and combatting emerging fraud threats. The event will also include a Tech Showcase, where attendees can get a taste of tomorrow today with more than 20 demos and the latest innovations at their fingertips. And, as always, the event features marquee keynote speakers sure to inspire. This year’s featured speakers are Dr. Mohamed A. El-Erian, President of Queens’ College, Cambridge, Chief Economic Advisor at Allianz, and Former CEO and Co-Chief Investment Officer of PIMCO; Allyson Felix, Olympic Gold Medalist, co-founder of Saysh, a footwear and lifestyle brand for women, and Right to Play and Play Works ambassador; and the closing keynote will feature actor, investor, entrepreneur and philanthropist, Ashton Kutcher. Stay tuned for additional highlights and insights on our social media platforms throughout the course of the conference. Follow Experian Insights on Twitter and LinkedIn.