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Linear TV advertising — also known as traditional or broadcast TV advertising — refers to scheduled ad programming broadcasted over traditional channels. While it doesn’t dominate the spotlight as it used to, it’s still a significant force in advertising today because of its vast potential to reach broad audiences and create memorable moments through high-profile events. Broadcast and cable TV, both forms of linear TV, still account for around 24% and 26% of U.S. TV viewership, respectively.
As marketers look for ways to combine traditional and digital strategies, knowing how linear TV still fits into the mix can create value for brands and provide new opportunities for broader reach and engagement. This article explores the relevance and benefits of linear TV and how traditional broadcast television can complement digital platforms alongside changing viewing preferences.
Linear TV vs. digital channels
Even though linear TV has maintained impressive viewership, it’s impossible to ignore the growing influence of advanced TV platforms like OTT (over-the-top) streaming services and connected TV (CTV). These digital channels have changed how audiences consume content, complemented traditional linear TV, and created new marketing opportunities.
Each offers unique advertising value, and knowing how linear and certain forms of advanced TV stack up can help advertisers make informed choices about where to focus their efforts.
Linear TV
Linear TV is regularly scheduled programming on networks like ABC or NBC. The name refers to its linear delivery of content on a set schedule, with all viewers tuning in at the same time. It’s great for reaching large audiences during live events or prime-time shows but lacks the precise targeting options available on digital platforms.
- Targeting: Advertisers can only target broad demographics (age, gender, location) but not specific interests or behaviors.
- Ad format: Ad formats typically take the form of non-interactive ads, usually 15-, 30-, or 60-second spots shown during commercial breaks.
- Viewer engagement: Viewing is passive, as ads are shown at fixed times and cannot be skipped.
OTT
OTT refers to streaming services that bypass traditional cable or satellite to deliver content through the internet on platforms like Netflix, Hulu, and Peacock. Content is available on-demand and accessible on devices like laptops, tablets, smart TVs, and smartphones. OTT is flexible, so viewers can watch what they want when they want.
- Targeting: OTT offers precise targeting using interest, viewing behavior, and location data to personalize ads.
- Ad formats: Formats can include pre-roll, mid-roll, sponsored content, and sometimes interactive ads to drive engagement.
- Viewer engagement: Viewers can control their experience with the ability to pause, skip, or replay content depending on the platform’s features.
CTV
CTV refers specifically to televisions connected to the internet through built-in smart features or external devices like Apple TV, Amazon Fire TV, or Roku. CTV is a delivery mechanism for streaming OTT content to the TV screen, making it like an intersection between traditional TV and digital streaming.
- Targeting: Similar to OTT, CTV allows precise targeting based on viewer data such as preferences, behaviors, and geographic location.
- Ad formats: Includes pre-roll, mid-roll, post-roll, and, in some cases, interactive ad features like clickable banners or in-ad actions.
- Viewer engagement: Engagement levels are higher than linear TV, as viewers are often more active participants who can pause or interact with ads.
A brief comparison: Linear TV, OTT, and CTV
The main differences between OTT and CTV are in their delivery and access. OTT refers to the streaming services providing content, regardless of the device, while CTV refers to the internet-enabled TV screens through which OTT content is consumed. They’re complementary, with OTT defining the content and CTV shaping the viewing experience on the largest screen in the house.
Each TV platform has its own strengths. Linear TV is great for reaching a broad audience with memorable ads, while OTT and CTV offer more precise targeting and greater viewer engagement. Advertisers should consider using a mix of these platforms, taking advantage of each one’s benefits to create a well-rounded advertising strategy.
Benefits of linear TV in the modern advertising landscape
While consumer behavior has shifted toward digital content consumption, the sheer scale and influence of pre-scheduled, real-time broadcast TV advertising makes it a powerful tool for brand advertising within a broad media strategy. When integrated with digital strategies, linear TV can widen your reach, foster brand safety, and boost viewer engagement, to name a few benefits.
Mass reach and brand visibility
Broadcast TV advertising has a massive reach, especially during live events and news broadcasts. It delivers content to large, diverse audiences at once — something digital platforms, with often fragmented and niche targeting, cannot achieve on the same scale. To put things in perspective, there are nearly as many linear TV viewers today (228 million) as social media users (236 million), according to eMarketer. This helps marketers earn brand visibility and recognition across broad demographics and make an impact on their target audience.
Advertisers can also use linear TV to reach multiple individuals in a single household, making it an efficient way to run household-focused marketing campaigns. Linear TV advertising increases the likelihood that a diverse audience residing in one household will see your content.
Brand safety and controlled environment
One of linear TV’s most important advantages is its controlled, brand-safe environment. Unlike digital platforms, where ads can appear alongside user-generated content or in unpredictable and sometimes risky settings, linear TV offers a more curated environment. Advertisers can be confident their message will be delivered in a professionally regulated context so viewers develop a positive, reliable brand association.
Diversify your marketing mix
Some demographics are underserved by digital channels and are more likely to see ads on linear TV than on an internet-connected device. Top U.S. advertisers obtain more impressions among adults over 55 using linear TV ads, with Baby Boomers spending an average of 5 hours and 46 minutes daily on linear TV. This highlights why it’s so critical to diversify your marketing mix with various channels that help you tap into audiences your competitors may not be.
Preferred hosting for major events
Digital platforms are hosting more live events every year, but linear TV is still the most successful and reliable medium for major events like elections, breaking news, award shows, primetime TV, and the Super Bowl. In fact, linear TV dominated the 2024 U.S. Presidential election, with major networks achieving off-the-chart ratings and more than 42 million cable viewers nationwide.
Guaranteed ad exposure
While many digital platforms allow viewers to skip ads, linear TV ads have stayed unskippable and ensured viewers receive full exposure to marketing content. With traditional TV ads reaching as long as 60 seconds, this guaranteed viewership is a chance you can’t miss to capture your audience’s attention.
Viewer engagement and ad recall
Paired with CTV, linear TV is exceptionally good at engaging viewers and facilitating strong recall with high-quality content. A recent study by Brightline found that, even in 2024, linear TV maintains the highest ad attention with an attention rate of 54.5%, surpassed only by premium CTV with a 56.1% attention rate. When viewers are highly engaged with TV programming, they’re also more likely to remember the aired ads, which boosts ad effectiveness and sales potential.
According to a Comcast Advertising study, long-form TV and streaming ads are also twice as memorable as short-form mobile digital ads. This study revealed that TV ads garnered more visual attention than digital mobile ads, as participants watched 71% of the TV ads compared to the 30% they watched on mobile. Ads viewed in the TV environment even resulted in 2.2x higher unaided recall and 1.3x greater purchase intent than mobile digital ads.
Traditional TV advertising, combined with digital, creates a full-screen, lean-back viewing experience that makes lasting impressions and elevates consumer memory.
Current trends in TV advertising
While it’s true that linear TV is facing a viewership decline as audiences shift to digital platforms, it’s not disappearing entirely. Advertisers are finding new ways to innovate within the confines of linear TV and using advancements in targeting, content delivery, and OTT platform integrations.
Free ad-supported television services (FAST)
For one, linear TV is finding a new lease on life through FAST services; FAST channels bridge the gap between traditional linear TV and contemporary streaming preferences to reshape how audiences engage with ad-supported content. The main appeal of FAST is its ability to deliver curated, genre-specific programming combined with on-demand options. Roughly 70% of streaming users know about FAST and have used it within the last three months.
Unlike traditional video-on-demand (VOD) platforms focused on high-profile originals and on-demand access, FAST channels bring back the structured, live grid format that mimics classic TV viewing experiences. Services like Pluto TV, Tubi, and the Roku Channel have captured significant audience share by blending nostalgia with modern accessibility. These agile, scalable platforms help media companies quickly launch new channels, as they did with NBCUniversal’s recent addition of 48 channels on Freevee and Xumo Play.
High-impact events
Certain genres, like live sports and award shows, continue to dominate on linear TV, including:
- The Super Bowl
- Other major NFL games
- The NBA Finals
- The Olympics
- The Oscars
- The Grammy Awards
- The Emmy Awards
These events attract massive audiences and are a prime spot for advertisers. However, even live sports are transitioning to OTT platforms like Netflix, Amazon, and Peacock.
Platforms like Amazon Prime Video, Apple TV, and ESPN+ are starting to secure exclusive streaming rights for major sports events and changing viewership patterns, which creates fiercer competition for linear TV. On the flip side, marketers have new opportunities in OTT environments to enjoy the reach of traditional TV advertising with more precise targeting.
Linear programmatic TV
While linear TV faces growing competition from digital channels, it’s adapting to meet marketers’ needs through innovations like linear programmatic TV. This approach automates the buying and placement of ads on traditional TV so advertisers can apply data-driven insights for more precise targeting.
Unlike traditional linear ad buys, which rely on fixed schedules and broad audience demographics, programmatic technology allows for greater efficiency, flexibility, and strategic alignment. Recent forecasts show linear programmatic TV growing steadily throughout 2025 and being a valuable transitional tool that combines linear TV’s reach with digital platforms’ personalization and measurability.
Cloud TV
Cloud TV modernizes the traditional TV advertising experience by combining its established infrastructure with the best features of digital streaming and OTT. Companies like Vodafone and Viacom18 are transforming linear TV into a more flexible and scalable cloud-based service that delivers linear content alongside streaming options. Users can now conveniently access live TV and on-demand content from one interface.
Currently, platforms like YouTube TV and Hulu + Live TV blend linear broadcasts with OTT streaming in the cloud so that viewers can watch traditional TV channels and access on-demand shows all in one place. This means advertisers can deliver targeted, personalized messages to the right audiences without losing the large-scale reach of linear TV and engage people across live TV and digital content.
Addressable TV and advanced targeting
Linear TV has always been limited by broad targeting, showing the same ad to everyone, no matter who’s watching. Addressable TV changes the game, letting advertisers deliver different ads to specific households during the same program so brands can reach the right people with messages that matter to them.
The key to making this work is authenticated audiences. These are viewers who log in to platforms with verified information, giving advertisers better insights into their interests, behaviors, and demographics. This level of audience data allows for smarter audience segmentation and more effective ads based on interests, demographics, and behaviors.
With Experian’s addressable TV audiences and strategic partnerships, you can execute highly targeted and measurable TV campaigns. Using reliable first-party data and universal identifiers (like Unified I.D. 2.0), which link consumer profiles across devices and channels, we help brands reach the right viewers on traditional TV and CTV platforms and ensure the right person sees the right ad at the best time without overexposure.
How to integrate linear TV with digital marketing strategies
Integrating linear TV with digital marketing strategies starts with aligning campaigns with audience behaviors and preferences. Using data-driven insights, brands can ensure their TV efforts complement digital channels to create a unified, impactful experience.
Experian simplifies this process with advanced identity resolution and audience insights. Our identity graph and syndicated audiences can help your brand:
- Link TV ad exposures to online engagement and create a seamless experience across platforms.
- Measure cross-channel performance and understand how linear TV contributes to digital outcomes.
- Use enriched audience data to tailor ads that resonate for relevance and consistency across TV and digital.
We’re ready to help you maximize the effectiveness of your TV advertising campaigns.
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Note: While third-party cookies are no longer being phased out, this webinar was recorded in 2023 when cookie deprecation was still a key industry focus. The strategies discussed reflect that time frame and remain relevant for addressing broader signal loss challenges. With major browsers discontinuing support for third-party cookies, marketers must rethink how to identify and engage their audiences. Contextual advertising offers a privacy-safe solution by combining contextual signals with machine learning to deliver highly targeted campaigns. In a Q&A with our experts with eMarketer, Jason Andersen, Senior Director of Strategic Initiatives and Partner Solutions at Experian, and Alex Johnston, Principal Product Manager at Yieldmo, we discuss how contextual advertising addresses signal loss, improves addressability, and delivers better outcomes for marketers. The macro trends impacting marketers How important is it for digital marketers to stay informed about the changes coming to third-party cookies, and what challenges do you see signal loss creating? Jason (Experian): Third-party cookies have already been eliminated from Firefox, Safari, and other browsers, while Chrome has held out. It’s just a matter of time before Chrome eliminates them too. Being proactive now by predicting potential impacts will be essential for maintaining growth when the third-party cookie finally disappears. Alex (Yieldmo): Third-party cookie loss is already a reality. As regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) take effect, more than 50% of exchange traffic lacks associated identifiers. This means that marketers have to think differently about how they reach their audiences in an environment with fewer data points available for targeting purposes. It’s no longer something to consider at some point down the line – it’s here now! Also, as third-party cookies become more limited, reaching users online is becoming increasingly complex and competitive. Without access to as much data, the CPMs (cost per thousand impressions) that advertisers must pay are skyrocketing because everyone is trying to bid on those same valuable consumers. It’s essential for businesses desiring success in digital advertising now more than ever before. Solving signal loss with contextual advertising How does contextual advertising help marketers engage audiences with new strategies like machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI)? Jason (Experian): Contextual advertising helps marketers engage audiences by combining advanced machine learning with privacy-safe strategies. We focus on using AI and machine learning to better understand behavior, respect privacy, and deliver insights. As third-party cookies go away, alternative identifiers are coming to market, like Unified I.D. 2.0 (UID2). These are going to be particularly important for marketers to be able to utilize them. As cookie syncing becomes outdated, marketers will have to look for alternative methods to reach their target audiences. It’s essential to look beyond cookie-reliant solutions and use other options available regarding advertising. Alex (Yieldmo): There’s been a renaissance in contextual advertising over the last couple of years. Three key drivers are shaping this shift: The loss of identity signals is forcing marketers to rethink how they reach audiences. Advances in machine learning allow us to analyze more granular contextual signals, identifying patterns that are most valuable to advertisers. Tailored models now use these signals to deliver more effective campaigns. This transformation is occurring because of our ability to capture and operate on richer, more detailed data. Reach consumers with advanced addressability How does advanced contextual advertising help marketers reach non-addressable audiences? Jason (Experian): Advanced contextual advertising helps marketers reach non-addressable audiences by taking a set of known data (identity) and drawing inferences from it with all the other signals we see across the bidstream. It’s about using a small seed set of customers, those who have transacted with you before or match your target audience, and training contextual models to make the unknown known. Now we can go out and find users surfing on any of the other sites that traditionally don’t have that identifier for that user or don’t at that moment in time and start to be able to advertise to them based on the contextually indexed data. Alex (Yieldmo): I think the exciting opportunity for many people in the industry is figuring out how to reach your known audience in a non-addressable space, that is based on environmental and non-identity based signals, that helps your campaign perform. Machine learning advancements allow you to take your small sample audience and uncover those patterns in the non-addressable space. High-quality, privacy-resilient data sets are critical for building these campaigns. Companies like Experian, with deep, rich training data, are well positioned to support advertisers in building extension audiences. Creative strategies that improve ad performance Why does creative strategy remain essential for digital advertising success? Jason (Experian): Creative strategy remains essential because it provides valuable signals for targeting and engages audiences effectively. In this advanced contextual world, good creative in the proper ad format that you can test and learn from is paramount. It comes back to that feedback loop. We can use that as another signal in this equation to develop and refine the right set of audiences for your targeting needs. Alex (Yieldmo): Creative and ad formats are powerful signals for understanding audience engagement. At Yieldmo, we collect interaction data every 200 milliseconds, such as scrolling behavior or time spent on an ad. This data fills the gap between clicks and video completions, helping us build models that predict downstream actions. Tailoring creative to specific audience groups has always been one of the best ways to improve performance, and it remains essential in this new era of contextual advertising. Throughout my career, I learned that designing or tailoring your creative to different audience groups is one of the best ways to improve performance. We ran many lift studies with analysis to understand how you can tailor creative customized for individual audiences. That capability and the ability to do that on an identity basis is. Our recommendations for actionable marketing strategies Do you have recommendations for marketers building out their yearly strategies or a campaign strategy? Jason (Experian): My recommendation for marketers building out their yearly strategies is to be proactive and start testing and learning these new solutions now. I mentioned addressability and being in the right place at the right time. That’s easier in today’s third-party cookie world. But as traditional identity is further constricted, you will have these first-party solutions that will not be at scale, so you’re less likely to find your user at the scale you want. It would be best if you thought about how to reach that user at the right place at the right time. They may not be seen from an identity basis. They might not be at the right place at the right time when you were delivering or trying to deliver an ad. But you increase your chance of reaching them by building these advanced contextual targeting audiences using this privacy-safe seed ‘opted-in’ user set; this is a way to cast that wider net and achieve targeted scale. Alex (Yieldmo): Build your seed lists, test your formats with different audiences, and understand what’s resonating with whom. Take advantage of some of the pretty remarkable advances in machine learning that are allowing us, really, for the first time to fully uncork the potential and the opportunity with contextual in a way that we’ve never done before. Contact us About our experts Jason Andersen Senior Director, Strategic Initiatives and Partner Solutions, Experian Jason Andersen heads Strategic Initiatives and Partner Enablement for Experian Marketing Services. He focuses on addressability and activation in digital marketing and working with partners to solve signal loss. Jason has worked in digital advertising for 15+ years, spanning roles from operations and product to strategy and partnerships. Alex Johnston Principal Product Manager, Yieldmo Alex Johnston is the Principal Product Manager at Yieldmo, overseeing the Machine Learning and Optimization products. Before joining Yieldmo, Alex spent 13 years at Google, where he led the Reach & Audience Planning and Measurement products, overseeing a 10X increase in revenue. During his time, he launched numerous ad products, including YouTube’s Google Preferred offering. To learn more about Yieldmo, visit www.yieldmo.com. About Yieldmo Yieldmo is an advertising platform that fuses media and creative to meet audiences in the moments that matter. Using proprietary data and AI, Yieldmo uses advanced targeting to deliver context-aware creative when and where it’s most effective, all while respecting user privacy. The result: ads that belong on inventory brands trust. For more information, please visit www.yieldmo.com. Contextual advertising FAQs What is contextual advertising, and how does it work? Contextual advertising works by targeting audiences based on the content they’re engaging with, rather than relying on personal identifiers or traditional tracking methods. Yieldmo's platform uses advanced contextual signals and machine learning to deliver relevant ads in privacy-safe ways. How does contextual advertising address signal loss? Contextual advertising addresses signal loss by focusing on environmental and content-based signals instead of relying on thir-dparty cookies or other traditional identifiers. Experian’s identity solutions complement this approach by enabling marketers to connect with audiences in a compliant and scalable way. Why is creative important in contextual advertising? Creative is important in contextual advertising because it engages audiences and provides valuable signals for targeting. Yieldmo’s platform collects interaction data, such as scrolling and time spent on ads, to refine campaigns and improve performance. How can marketers reach non-addressable audiences? Marketers can reach non-addressable audience through advanced contextual targeting, which uses known data, like seed audiences, to identify patterns and extend reach. Experian’s identity solutions and contextual data from, Audigent, a part of Experian, help marketers connect with these audiences in privacy-safe and effective ways. Latest posts

In 2022, Google began changing the availability of the information available in User-Agent strings across their Chromium browsers. The change is to use the set of HTTP request header fields called Client Hints. Through this process, a server can request, and if approved by the client, receive information that would have been previously freely available in the User-Agent string. This change is likely to have an impact on publishers across the open web that may use User-Agent information today. To explain what this change means, how it will impact the AdTech industry, and what you can do to prepare, we spoke with Nate West, our Director of Product. What is the difference between User-Agents and Client Hints? A User-Agent (UA) is a string, or line of text, that identifies information about a web server’s browser and operating system. For example, it can indicate if a device is on Safari on a Mac or Chrome on Windows. Here is an example UA string from a Mac laptop running Chrome: To limit the passive fingerprinting of users, Google is reducing components of the UA strings in their Chromium browsers and introducing Client Hints. When there is a trusted relationship between first-party domain owners and third-party servers, Client Hints can be used to share the same data. This transition began in early 2022 with bigger expected changes beginning in February 2023. You can see in the above example, Chrome/109.0.0.0, where browser version information is already no longer available from the UA string on this desktop Chrome browser. How can you use User-Agent device attributes today? UA string information can be used for a variety of reasons. It is a component in web servers that has been available for decades. In the AdTech space, it can be used in various ad targeting use cases. It can be used by publishers to better understand their audience. The shift to limit access and information shared is to prevent nefarious usage of the data. What are the benefits of Client Hints? By using Client Hints, a domain owner, or publisher, can manage access to data activity that occurs on their web properties. Having that control may be advantageous. The format of the information shared is also cleaner than parsing a string from User-Agents. Although, given that Client Hints are not the norm across all browsers, a long-term solution may be needed to manage UA strings and Client Hints. An advantage of capturing and sharing Client Hint information is to be prepared and understand if there is any impact to your systems and processes. This will help with the currently planned transition by Google, but also should the full UA string become further restricted. Who will be impacted by this change? Publishers across the open web should lean in to understand this change and any potential impact to them. The programmatic ecosystem supporting real-time bidding (RTB) needs to continue pushing for adoption of OpenRTB 2.6, which supports the passing of client hint information in place of data from UA strings. What is Google’s timeline for implementing Client Hints? Source: Google Do businesses have to implement Client Hints? What happens if they don’t? Not capturing and sharing with trusted partners can impact capabilities in place today. Given Chromium browsers account for a sizable portion of web traffic, the impact will vary for each publisher and tech company in the ecosystem. I would assess how UA strings are in use today, where you may have security concerns or not, and look to get more information on how to maintain data sharing with trusted partners. We can help you adopt Client Hints Reach out to our Customer Success team at tapadcustomersuccess@experian.com to explore the best options to handle the User-Agent changes and implement Client Hints. As leaders in the AdTech space, we’re here to help you successfully make this transition. Together we can review the options available to put you and your team on the best path forward. Get in touch About our expert Nate West, Director of Product Nate West joined Experian in 2022 as the Director of Product for our identity graph. Nate focuses on making sure our partners maintain and grow identity resolution solutions today in an ever-changing future state. He has over a decade of experience working for media organizations and AdTech platforms. Latest posts

Up next in our Ask the Expert series, Ben Rothke, Senior Information Security Manager, reviews two certifications that should be part of your information security strategy: Service Organization Control (SOC) 2 Type 2 and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001. Tapad, a part of Experian, is 27001 and SOC 2 Type 2 compliant. Two information security certifications you can trust Seals from Good Housekeeping and Underwriters Laboratories give consumers confidence that they can trust the product that they’re buying. For IT solutions or service providers, what, or who can you turn to for that seal of approval? There are many equivalent third-party attestations you can use. But which should you trust? The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001 The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) System and Organization Controls (SOC) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001 is an international standard for information security from the ISO. ISO 27001 is globally acknowledged and sets requirements for controls, maintenance, and certification of an information security management system (ISMS). This international standard provides organizations with a framework to identify, manage and reduce risks related to the security of information System and Organization Controls (SOC) The SOC, as defined by the AICPA, is a set of audit reports. SOC reports, like 27001 certificates, are used by service organizations to give their customers the confidence they have adequate information security controls in place to protect the data that they handle. SOC 2 is an assessment of controls at a service organization regarding security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy. The purpose of the report is to provide extensive information and assurance to a broad range of users about the controls at a service organization that are relevant to the security, availability, and processing integrity of the systems that process user data, as well as the confidentiality and privacy of the information processed by these systems. Why ISO 27001 and SOC 2 are important The value of these third-party attestations is two-fold: Organizations can show they have passed an independent external audit Third-party attestations save organizations the time of having to do their own audits In addition to 27001 and SOC 2 Type 2 compliance, we are also certified with ISO 27017 and 27018, which are add-ons to 27001 that are specific to cloud computing. We take the security and privacy of our customers’ data as seriously as they do. Every cloud service provider (CSP) has a responsibility matrix that details what security and privacy tasks they are responsible for and which ones the customer is responsible for. Any cloud customer that needs to be made aware of what their security tasks are is putting themselves at risk. So, when you want to engage a CSP, ask them for their attestations. They worked hard for them and will be proud to share their compliance. We’re powered by decades of setting standards in marketing services At Experian, we’re a privacy-first business. We’re highly focused on respecting people, their data, and their privacy. We continue to show our dedication to information security by completing these security audits every year. The constant changes to data compliance regulations can be challenging to navigate, but you don’t have to do it alone. Contact us today. We will be your guide so you can ethically and confidently reach your customers. Contact us today Contact us today About our expert Ben Rothke, Senior Information Security Manager Ben Rothke, CISSP, CISA, is a Senior Information Security Manager at Tapad, a part of Experian. He has over 25 years of industry experience in information systems security and privacy. His areas of expertise are in risk management and mitigation, security and privacy regulatory issues, cryptography, and security policy development. Ben is the author of Computer Security – 20 Things Every Employee Should Know (McGraw-Hill), and writes security and privacy book reviews for the RSA Conference Blog and Security Management magazine. Latest posts