What is Identity Resolution?

by Guest Contributor 6 min read January 26, 2024

This article was updated on January 26, 2024.

Marketers are facing new challenges as third-party cookies crumble, and people use more devices throughout the day. Someone might comparison shop on their laptop in the morning, do more research on a tablet in the afternoon and finally decide to make a purchase on their phone before falling asleep at night. Being able to track these movements and insert yourself where appropriate can be difficult, but it’s not impossible.

One solution that’s becoming increasingly attractive is creating a unified identity for each customer — and matching every piece of data and touchpoint to the single profile. For this to work, you need identity resolution.

What is identity resolution?

Identity resolution is the ongoing process of linking various identifying elements to create and expand a unique identity. The multi-step process can include:

  • Securely onboarding data into a system
  • Hashing or tokenizing personal information to improve security and privacy
  • Setting aside information that can’t be matched to an identity yet
  • Matching or linking identifiers to a known unique identity
  • Verifying that the identities and identifiers are accurate

An identity graph (ID graph) is an essential part of identity resolution. It’s the proprietary database that can pull in and store data from different sources and link them to a unique identifier — also known as a persistent identification number. Depending on the system and purpose, identity resolution may focus on creating a single identity for a person, household, or business.

The information can come from internal sources, including a customer relationship management (CRM) tool, email marketing platforms, event management platforms, social media accounts, point-of-sales systems, and other digital and offline touchpoints. Additionally, third-party data sources, such as credit or demographic data, can contribute to building a more complete identity. And second-party data — information that’s shared between brands or companies — can also be helpful.

As new digital and offline information is created or found, it’s linked to the existing persistent identification number in the ID graph. The process can happen in different ways.

  • The resolution system could accurately match an engagement to a person with deterministic data, such as a hashed email address, assuming they logged in.
  • If the person didn’t log in, a probabilistic model may be able to accurately attribute the session to the person’s identity based on indicators that it’s likely the same person, such as a device ID or behavioral data.
  • A hybrid approach combines deterministic and probabilistic approaches, which could be important for scaling.

The goal and end result is often called a holistic, single-unified, or 360-degree view of a customer.

READ MORE: Making identities personal

Why does identity resolution matter?

Identity resolution lets you know with whom you’re connecting, which can be important throughout a customer’s lifecycle. From marketing to collections, you want to be able to engage the right person on the right channel with the right offer. And that’s only possible when you can accurately identify people.

Consistent and accurate identity resolution is difficult, though. Experian’s 2023 Identity and Fraud Report found that 92% of businesses have a strategy in place for identifying consumers online. But 63% of consumers are either “somewhat confident” or “not very confident” that businesses can accurately recognize them online.

What are the benefits of identity resolution?

It’s a worthy goal to push toward, because you can use identity resolution solutions to:

  • Consolidate your view of customers

Companies may have multiple profiles of the same customer — one from an email list, another from their loyalty program and a third from an outdated system. Your customers are also interacting with you in different ways, perhaps logging into an account from their laptop in the morning while visiting your site from a phone at night. Identity resolution lets you connect all these elements to create a single profile.

  • Build targeted and measurable marketing campaigns

Once you have a single and consistent view of your customers, you can more accurately segment and target your marketing campaigns. Personalizing messages can increase engagement and effectiveness. And, equally important, knowing to who you don’t want to send messages can help you avoid wasting marketing spending.

Some identity resolution services can also help you track anonymous visitors and customize your marketing with look-alike models, which can identify people who are likely part of your target audience.

You’ll also be able to more accurately measure the effectiveness of a campaign. With a single customer view, it’s easier to know if and how a targeted social media ad, television spot and emailed coupon worked together to create a sale.

  • Increase customer experiences across brands

When implemented throughout an organization, you can also use the single view of a customer to create a consistent experience across brands and business units. Each can benefit from a more holistic understanding of the customer and can contribute to building out customers’ profiles. 

  • Seamlessly confirm identities

Identity resolution can also create a more frictionless experience for customers who want to create or log into your site, and it can help with detecting fraud and high-risk consumers. But keep data security top of mind. Consumers rank privacy (79%) and security (78%) much higher than login convenience (38%) when considering their online experience.

What does an identity resolution solution look like?

The need for and type of identity resolution can vary depending on a business’ challenges and goals.

For instance, large retailers often have a lot of first-party data — so much that it may be overwhelming. For them, an identity resolution solution that can organize internal data while enhancing it with external data points could be a priority. In contrast, a business with infrequent touchpoints might not have as much first-party data and could benefit from a solution that offers as much external information as possible.

Some organizations are building their own internal identity resolution services to address these challenges, but many are looking to outside partners for identity resolution. When comparing partners, consider:

  • Flexibility and scalability: Understand which data the solution can onboard and how quickly it can onboard data. Consider whether you’ll want to be able to use real-time APIs or batch processing, and the limitations on how much data the provider can process at a time. Additionally, consider whether the ID graph will use persistent IDs that can change as you scale.
  • Matching and analysis: Ask about the solution’s approach and success with matching online and offline data and the options to integrate or append second and third-party data. If you want to be able to securely and privately share anonymized identities internally or with partners, make sure that’s an option as well.
  • Integration: Research whether the provider can easily integrate your existing services and vendors.
  • Privacy: 73% of consumers say it’s a business’s responsibility to protect them online. Ask about the provider’s experience and approach to storing and anonymizing data.

Some solutions also have built-in activation tools. These let you build and launch omni-channel campaigns. They also analyze and report on how well your campaigns are performing.

Get started today

To learn more about the importance of digital identity and Experian’s identity solutions, visit us today.

Learn more

Related Posts

Cash Flow Insights: Powering the Next Evolution in Lending

For decades, credit data has given lenders a trusted foundation for assessing risk. Now, consumer-permissioned cash flow data is adding another layer of insight into consumers’ financial lives, including income, spending, liquidity and changing financial obligations. The opportunity is significant. Nearly one in five consumers lacks access to or has damaged credit. New Experian research also shows that 60% of consumers who have previously been denied credit or received less favorable terms than expected believe the outcome would have been different if lenders had considered their recent income and banking activity alongside their credit history. 1,2 For lenders, cash flow insights can provide additional context about a consumer’s financial capacity and support more informed underwriting decisions. The next challenge is making those insights easier to use consistently and responsibly at scale. What are cash flow insights? Cash flow insights are derived from consumer-permissioned banking data and provide visibility into how money moves into and out of a consumer’s accounts. Depending on the information available, cash flow data can provide insight into financial behaviors such as: Income and income stability: Regular and irregular income streams and changes over time Spending and recurring expenses: Everyday spending patterns and ongoing financial obligations Account balances and liquidity: Available funds and changes in account balances Debt obligations: Loan payments and other recurring debt commitments Cash flow patterns: How money moves into and out of accounts over time Traditional credit information provides a rich history of how consumers have managed credit. Cash flow insights add context about their current financial activity and capacity, providing lenders with a more complete view of financial health. Cash flow insights can also add predictive value to risk assessment. Experian analysis shows Cashflow Score can deliver up to a 25% lift in predictive performance over conventional credit scores when tailored to targeted risk tiers.3 How lenders can put cash flow insights to work at scale As interest in cash flow insights grows, the conversation is moving beyond what the data can reveal to how financial institutions can use it consistently and responsibly. That requires standardized consumer reporting, clear governance and decision-ready insights that can work within established lending processes. The launch of Experian Cashflow Data Bureau at Vision 2026 reflects this shift from access to adoption. The new consumer reporting agency operates under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) and is designed to help financial institutions adopt consumer-permissioned cash flow insights at scale. A key part of that foundation is the cash flow consumer report, which organizes consumer-permissioned banking information into a standardized consumer report regulated under the FCRA. This gives lenders a consistent foundation for incorporating cash flow information into lending decisions while providing consumers with access to the information in their report. Turning greater visibility into better decisions The next evolution in credit isn’t about choosing between traditional credit and cash flow data. Each provides a different perspective. Traditional credit information offers deep insight into how consumers have managed credit over time. Cash flow insights can add context about financial activity and capacity. Bringing those perspectives together can give lenders greater visibility into consumers’ financial health and help them better distinguish between risk and resilience, support more informed decisions and identify opportunities to responsibly expand access to credit. As cash flow adoption continues to grow, its value will come from how effectively it complements the information lenders already use. The opportunity isn't simply to see more data. It's to turn that additional visibility into smarter, more informed decisions. Explore how Experian Cashflow Data Bureau is helping financial institutions put consumer-permissioned cash flow insights into practice at scale. Learn more [1] Federal Reserve Bank of New York, The Market for Credit Building: Demand, Product Characteristics and Consumer Uses, 2026. [2] Experian commissioned Atomik Research to conduct an online survey of 2,000 U.S. adults age 18+. Fieldwork took place July 16–21, 2026. Margin of error: +/- 2.2 percentage points at a 95% confidence level. [3] Based on Experian analysis when Cashflow Score is compared with conventional credit scores, tailored to targeted risk tiers. Predictability based on KS.

October 14, 2026 by Julie Lee
The Three Onboarding Fraud Pain Points That Slow Growth (And How to Solve Them) 

Effective fraud prevention is critical to balancing security and customer experience during onboarding. Learn more!

October 12, 2026 by Charles Hunter
How Rental Data Is Expanding Financial Opportunity for Millions of Renters 

Discover how rental payment reporting can expand credit access, strengthen credit profiles and improve risk assessment for renters and housing providers.

October 8, 2026 by Manjit Sohal

Subscribe to our Newsletter

Enter your name and email for the latest updates.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Subscribe to our Newsletter

Don't miss out on the latest industry trends and insights!
Subscribe