Guide to Debt Collection Text Messages

by Laura Burrows 6 min read April 12, 2023

It’s easy to ignore a phone call—especially from an unknown number—or delete an email without looking past the subject line. Even physical letters get thrown out without being opened. But nearly everyone will quickly open and read a text.

Surveys have repeatedly found text message open rates can range from around 90 to 98 percent. And now, debt collectors that are serious about streamlining operations and connecting with consumers via their preferred channel can integrate text messaging into their process.

Learn more

Using text messages in debt collection

It’s been a couple of years since the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) revised Regulation F, which implements the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). The ruling was effective starting November 2021 and confirmed that debt collectors could use emails, text messages and other digital communication channels.

Businesses in many other industries have been communicating with customers by text for years. At a high level, the changes to Regulation F allow debt collectors to add new outreach methods to their debt collection tools. However, even with the go-ahead to communicate via text, strategy and compliance must be top of mind.

WATCH: Webinar: Keeping pace with collections compliance changes

The move to digital debt collections

Incorporating text messaging could be part of a larger shift toward digitizing operations. Some debt collection agencies are also using artificial intelligence, big data and automation to help verify consumers’ contact information, assist call center agents and follow up with consumers.

As the Experian 2022 Global Insights Report reports, 81 percent of consumers think more highly of brands if they have a positive online experience with that brand that involves multiple digital touchpoints. And over half of consumers trust organizations that use AI.1

Your website or mobile app is an important starting point. And digital tools, such as chatbots that can answer common questions and virtual negotiators offering payment plans, could be part of that experience. Your automated and manual text message outreach could also be increasingly important in the coming years.

The benefits of debt collection text messages

A text message strategy can be part of an omnichannel approach, and it offers debt collectors a few distinct benefits:

  • Get direct access to consumers who will likely see and read your messages.
  • Allow consumers to respond and ask questions via a channel that may be easier or more comfortable for them than a phone call.
  • Start a two-way dialogue and build rapport.
  • Save time by texting multiple consumers simultaneously and automating responses to common questions.

However, collection agencies also need to beware of the potential drawbacks. Consumers might see your texts as a nuisance if you frequently send messages or if you’re messaging people who truly can’t afford a payment right now.

Many consumers are also rightly wary of scammers texting them and asking them to click on a link. You’ll want to carefully think through your messaging strategy. Starting by getting consent to send a text message while you’re on the phone or when the consumer fills out a form online—and then immediately sending a text with an opt-in—can help overcome this potential barrier.

How to leverage debt collection text messages

Sending payment requests via text to consumers who have a high propensity to repay, and including a link to self-service payment portals, could offer a quick and easy win. However, it may be best to think through how you’ll use text messaging to optimize your outreach rather than replace other communication channels.

WATCH: Webinar: Adapting to the new collections landscape

Perhaps you’ve spoken directly with someone and helped them set up a payment plan. You could now use automated texts to remind them of upcoming payment due dates and thank them for their payments. It’s a simple way to test the water without sending debt collection-related messages that may fall under stricter regulatory requirements.

Staying compliant while texting

As part of a highly regulated industry, debt collection agencies must consider compliance. And it’s especially important to consider when trying new technology that directly interacts with consumers.

Laws and rulings may change, and it’s important to consult your counsel before making any decisions or implementing a text message strategy. However, at a high level, the Regulation F requires debt collectors to:

  • Prioritize capturing consent.You must obtain direct consent from a consumer or indirect consent from an original creditor that got the consumer’s consent. The initial communication before sending a text or email must be written. Debt collectors that use specific procedures for obtaining consent may receive safe harbor protections against inadvertent disclosures to third parties.
  • Make opting out easy. You must send consumers a clear and conspicuous opt-out notice and offer them a reasonable and simple method to opt out of text messaging or other electronic communications. Debt collectors must identify when they receive an opt-out request, even if the request doesn’t follow their specific instructions. For example, if a consumer sends “end,” you may need to recognize that as an opt-out even if your opt-out instructions tell them to send “stop.”
  • Continue complying with FDCPA harassment guidelines. There’s no specific federal limit on how often you can text consumers. However, you’ll still need to comply with the FDCPA’s general rules regarding harassment and contacting consumers at convenient times. In general, you may want to send texts between 8 a.m. and 9 p.m. local time (for the consumer), unless they request a different time. Limiting how many texts you send can also improve consumers’ experiences and may lead to better long-term results.
  • Reconfirm consent every 60 days. Even if consumers don’t opt out, the implied or expressed consent you received could only be valid for 60 days. To continue texting a consumer, you may need to have them reconfirm their consent or use a complete and accurate database to confirm that their phone number was not reassigned.2

You may also be subject to more stringent state or local laws. For instance, Washington State laws might prohibit debt collectors from sending more than two texts in a day.3 And Washington, D.C. forbids debt collectors from initiating communications with consumers via written or electronic communications (including text messages) during and for at least 60 days following a public health emergency.

READ: A Digital Debt Collection Future: Maximizing Collections and Staying Compliant

Partnering with Experian

Experian offers access to vast data sources, skip tracing tools for collections and advanced analytical capabilities that help debt collectors move into the digital age.

From optimizing outreach with the AI-driven Experian Decisioning to verifying real-time phone ownership using Phone Number ID™ with Contact Monitor™, you can integrate the latest technology while remaining compliant. You can then decide the best ways to use text messages, or other electronic communication methods, to make profitable decisions and maximize recovery rates.

Learn more about Experian’s debt collection solutions.

¹Experian. (April 2022). Experian 2022 Global Insights Report
²Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (2023). 1006.6 Communications in connection with debt collection.
³Washington State Legislator. (2023). RCW 19.16.250 Prohibited practices

Related Posts

From Hybrids to Refinancing: Consumers are Finding New Roads to Vehicle Affordability

For today’s automotive consumers, considering a vehicle purchase isn’t just about the price they see on the window, it’s about finding the right combination of their vehicle preference and monthly payment. In fact, data from Experian Automotive’s State of the Automotive Finance Market Report: Q2 2026 highlighted how affordability continues to shape the automotive finance market. For instance, hybrids offered the lowest average new vehicle loan payment across all fuel types, coming in at $646 in Q2 2026, compared to electric vehicles (EVs) at $692, and gasoline-powered vehicles at $721. This led to considerable growth in new vehicle market share for hybrids this quarter, accounting for 16.80%, from 12.99% last year. While the automotive market continues to offer consumers an expanding mix of fuel types, the combination of growing hybrid share and comparatively lower monthly payments is something worth watching. Affordability isn’t just about what consumers drive, it’s how they finance it While hybrid vehicles are continuing to pave their way in the vehicle market, consumers who already have an auto loan are finding greater savings through refinancing. In the second quarter of 2026, automotive refinancing reached approximately 140,000 loans. More notably, the financial benefit associated with refinancing has grown. Consumers who refinanced this quarter reduced their average interest rate by more than 2.4%, with the average rate moving from 10.40% on the original loan to 7.97% on the refinanced loan. Those rate reductions translated into meaningful monthly savings, especially when refinancing through particular lenders. In Q2 2026, refinancing saved consumers an average of $83 per month, compared to an average monthly savings of $64 this time last year. However, credit unions delivered the largest average payment difference among lender types at $102 this quarter, followed by banks ($65), and finance companies ($38). It’s important for automotive professionals to acknowledge that affordability is not a single moment in the vehicle journey. It can influence the vehicle a consumer chooses, the financing they opt for during that transaction, and the decisions they make years after driving off the lot. Understanding and leveraging those different moments can help professionals identify opportunities to better serve consumers throughout the vehicle ownership lifecycle. To learn more about automotive finance trends, view the full State of the Automotive Finance Market Report: Q2 2026 presentation on demand.

August 27, 2026 by Melinda Zabritski
AI Agent Identity Verification: How to Verify AI Agents in Digital Transactions

AI agents are changing the way consumers interact with businesses online. Learn how you can establish greater confidence in AI transactions.

August 26, 2026 by Laura Burrows
Ask the Expert: Turning Insight into Advantage with Michelle Goeppner and David Elmore

What if some of your best potential borrowers are the ones your traditional credit strategy can't fully see? A credit score can tell lenders a lot about a consumer, but it doesn't always capture the full picture of how someone is managing their financial life. For consumers with nontraditional income patterns or limited credit histories, that incomplete view can mean missed opportunities. In this Ask the Expert session, David Elmore of Experian talks with Michelle Goeppner, Chief Lending Officer at Vantage West Credit Union, about how alternative data can provide additional context around consumer risk, uncover opportunities traditional data alone might miss and help lenders expand their reach without disrupting strategies that already work. Who could lenders be missing? That question is especially important when a consumer’s financial life doesn’t fit neatly into a traditional credit profile. Take gig workers. Someone driving for Uber or delivering for DoorDash likely has a different income pattern than a salaried employee — irregular, seasonal, spread across platforms. That doesn't mean they aren't reliably managing bills, rent and other obligations. It just means a traditional file may not show it. Goeppner has a name for the risk of overlooking that context: FOMM — Fear of Missing Members. You've heard of FOMO — Fear of Missing Out. I think about it as FOMM — Fear of Missing Members. Who are we leaving behind if we're not using it?Michelle Goeppner, Chief Lending Officer For credit unions especially, that's not just a data question — it's a mission question. A partial view of a member's finances can mean missing a member the institution exists to serve. The credit score alone doesn't tell you where someone's headed Traditional credit data is still  foundational to lending decisions. But alternative data — income, cash flow, payment behavior — adds a layer that a credit score alone can't provide. Goeppner illustrates the distinction with two consumers who have exactly the same credit score: I don't know if you're a 640 score on your way to 720 — or are you a 640 headed southwards to 580? It doesn't show me how you're managing your day-to-day financial lifeMichelle Goeppner, Chief Lending Officer Two borrowers can share the same score and be moving in opposite directions. Alternative data helps lenders tell the difference — and put that score in context rather than treating it as the whole story. Start small and layer it in Adopting alternative data doesn't mean overhauling an existing strategy. As Goeppner puts it, it's additive, not a replacement: It's not a rip and replace. You don't have to let go of your existing playbook. It's additive — you layer it in.Michelle Goeppner, Chief Lending Officer Her advice for getting started: Define the problem first. Are you trying to increase approvals, reach more underserved borrowers, or improve decisioning for a specific product? Test before you scale. Revisit loans you've already booked and ask whether alternative data would have changed the outcome — or pilot it on a single product before rolling it out further. Build in governance from day one. Document what changed, where the new data was used, and what results followed. As Goeppner puts it: “Crawl, walk, run. Slow and grow.” More loans without changing the risk profile For Vantage West, the value of that approach has shown up in its lending results. It has been an absolute game changer for us at Vantage West. We have been able to make more loans to our target members, our target segments, without changes to our risk profile.Michelle Goeppner, Chief Lending Officer That distinction matters. The goal isn't approving more loans for its own sake — it's having enough information to recognize good borrowers that traditional data alone would have missed. The result is a fuller picture of the people behind the credit file, and more confidence in deciding who a lender can serve. Explore alternative data with us Alternative data can help lenders add context to traditional credit information for a more complete view of consumers. Experian works with institutions of all sizes to incorporate additional consumer signals into existing lending strategies — strengthening decisioning, managing risk and identifying new opportunities for growth. Learn more Contact us About our experts Michelle Goeppner Chief Lending Officer, Vantage West Credit Union Michelle Goeppner is a dynamic financial services executive with over two decades of experience driving strategic growth, product innovation, and operational excellence across leading credit unions and financial institutions. Currently serving as the Chief Lending Officer at Vantage West Credit Union, Michelle leads the strategic vision for multi-billion-dollar consumer loan and deposit portfolios, as a member of the Executive Coalition. Her expertise spans consumer lending, product management, integrated marketing, and talent development, with a proven track record of leveraging fintech partnerships, automation, and data-driven strategies to optimize portfolio performance and member engagement. Throughout her career, Michelle has held pivotal leadership roles in organizations such as Alliant Credit Union and Discover Financial Services. She is recognized for her collaborative approach, detail-oriented execution, and commitment to developing future female leaders. Michelle’s contributions include founding Alliant’s Women’s Resource Group, serving on advisory councils and boards, and earning multiple industry awards for excellence and innovation. She holds an Executive Certification in Product Management from UC Berkeley, a Master of Science in Integrated Marketing Communications from Roosevelt University, and a Bachelor of Science in Marketing from Northern Illinois University. David Elmore Vice President of Fintech Sales, Experian David Elmore leads a team of fintech sales professionals at Experian focused on helping fintech organizations drive responsible, scalable growth through data-driven analytics and decisioning. With more than 20 years in financial services — a decade of it focused on fintech — he brings deep expertise in applying traditional and alternative data across the customer lifecycle. David and his team partner with fintech leaders to navigate opportunities across acquisition, underwriting, portfolio management, and collections, balancing innovation, risk, and trust.

August 26, 2026 by Julie Lee

Subscribe to our Newsletter

Enter your name and email for the latest updates.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Subscribe to our Newsletter

Don't miss out on the latest industry trends and insights!
Subscribe